We estimated cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality associated with wildfire smoke (WFS) fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in the Front Range of Colorado from 2010 to 2015. To estimate WFS PM_2.5, we developed a daily kriged PM_2.5 surface at a 15 × 15 km resolution based on the Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System monitors for the western United States; we subtracted out local seasonal‐average PM_2.5 of nonsmoky days, identified using satellite‐based smoke plume estimates, from the local daily estimated PM_2.5 if smoke was identified by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Hazard Mapping System. We implemented time‐stratified case‐crossover analyses to estimate the effect of a 10 µg/m³ increase in WFS PM_2.5 with cardiopulmonary hospitalizations and deaths using single and distributed lag models for lags 0–5 and distinct annual impacts based on local and long‐range smoke during 2012, and long‐range transport of smoke in 2015. A 10 µg/m³ increase in WFS was associated with all respiratory, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations for lag day 3 and hospitalizations for ischemic heart disease at lag days 2 and 3. Cardiac arrest deaths were associated with WFS PM_2.5 at lag day 0. For 2012 local wildfires, asthma hospitalizations had an inverse association with WFS PM_2.5 (OR: 0.716, 95% CI: 0.517–0.993), but a positive association with WFS PM_2.5 during the 2015 long‐range transport event (OR: 1.455, 95% CI: 1.093–1.939). Cardiovascular mortality was associated with the 2012 long‐range transport event (OR: 1.478, 95% CI: 1.124–1.944).

中文翻译：

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野火烟雾的局部和远距离输送对心肺健康的不同影响


我们估算了 2010 年至 2015 年科罗拉多州弗兰特山脉与野火烟雾 (WFS) 细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 相关的心肺发病率和死亡率。为了估算 WFS PM _2.5 ，我们开发了 15 × 15 的每日克里格 PM _2.5表面。 km 分辨率基于美国西部环境保护局空气质量系统监测器；如果国家海洋和大气管理局的危害绘图系统识别出烟雾，我们会从当地每日估计的 PM _2.5中减去无烟日的当地季节性平均 PM _2.5 （使用基于卫星的烟羽估计确定）。我们实施了时间分层病例交叉分析，使用滞后 0-5 的单一和分布式滞后模型以及基于当地和长期的不同年度影响来估计 WFS PM _2.5增加 10 µg/m ³对心肺住院和死亡的影响。 ‐2012 年的远程烟雾，以及 2015 年的远程烟雾输送。WFS 增加 10 µg/m ³与延迟第 3 天的所有呼吸道、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病住院以及 2015 年因缺血性心脏病住院相关。滞后第 2 天和第 3 天。心脏骤停死亡与滞后第 0 天的 WFS PM _2.5相关。对于 2012 年当地野火，哮喘住院治疗与 WFS PM _2.5呈负相关（OR：0.716，95% CI：0.517-0.993），但2015 年远程运输事件期间与 WFS PM _2.5呈正相关（OR：1.455，95% CI：1.093–1.939）。心血管死亡率与 2012 年远程转运事件相关（OR：1.478，95% CI：1.124-1.944）。