Pollutants emitted by industrial processes are deposited across the landscape. Ice core records from mid‐latitude glaciers located close to emission sources document the history of local‐to‐regional pollution since preindustrial times. Such records underpin attribution of pollutants to specific emission sources critical to developing abatement policies. Previous ice core studies from the Alps document the overall magnitude and timing of pollution related to nitrogen and sulfur‐derived species, as well as a few metals including lead. Here, we used subannually resolved measurements of vanadium (V) and molybdenum (Mo) in two ice cores from Col du Dome (French Alps), as well as atmospheric transport and deposition modeling, to investigate sources of pollution in the free European troposphere. The noncrustal V and Mo (ncV, ncMo) components were calculated by subtracting the crustal component from the total concentration. These ice core results showed a 32‐fold increase in ncV and a 69‐fold increase in ncMo from the preindustrial era (pre‐1860) to the industrial concentration peaks. Anthropogenic V and Mo emissions in Europe were estimated using emission factors from oil and coal consumption and atmospheric transport and deposition modeling. When comparing ice core data to estimated anthropogenic V and Mo emissions in Europe, V was found to be sourced primarily from oil combustion emissions. Conversely, coal and oil combustion estimated emissions did not agree with the measured ice core Mo concentrations, suggesting that other anthropogenic Mo sources dominated coal‐burning emissions, particularly after the 1950s. Noncoal‐burning sources of Mo may include metallurgy although emission factors are poorly known.

中文翻译：

---

20世纪西欧钒和钼污染大量增加的高山冰芯证据

工业过程中排放的污染物遍布整个景观。来自靠近排放源的中纬度冰川的冰芯记录记录了自工业化之前的局部到区域污染的历史。此类记录支持将污染物归因于对制定减排政策至关重要的特定排放源。阿尔卑斯山先前进行的冰芯研究记录了与氮和硫衍生的物种以及包括铅在内的几种金属有关的污染的总体程度和时机。在这里，我们使用了半年度解析后的法尔阿尔卑斯山山顶（Col du Dome）（法国阿尔卑斯山）的两个冰芯中的钒（V）和钼（Mo）的测量值，以及大气迁移和沉积模型，以研究欧洲自由对流层中的污染源。非结壳的V和Mo（ncV，通过从总浓度中减去地壳成分来计算ncMo）成分。这些冰芯结果表明，从工业化前时代（1860年前）到工业浓度峰值，ncV的ncV增长了32倍，ncMo的增长了69倍。欧洲的人为排放的V和Mo是根据石油和煤炭消耗量以及大气传输和沉积模型中的排放因子估算的。将欧洲的冰芯数据与估计的人为排放的V和Mo进行比较时，发现V主要来自石油燃烧排放。相反，煤和石油燃烧的估计排放量与测得的冰芯钼浓度不一致，这表明其他人为的钼源在燃煤排放中占主导地位，尤其是在1950年代之后。