A set of thirteen GO samples obtained following different methodologies and described by eight structural parameters – hydrodynamic diameter (658 nm–142 nm), size polydispersity index, optical absorption coefficient, lambda maximum, D/G peak intensity ratio, crystallite size, distance between defects, and pH – was submitted to NIR 808 nm irradiation (experiment 1) and fish embryo toxicity (FET) test performed with zebrafish embryos (experiment 2). Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the obtained data shows that the optical absorption coefficient and lambda maximum, which are strongly dependent on the GO oxidation degree and presence of carboxylic acid groups, are the most relevant features for the photothermal effect. Conversely, size is the predominant parameter for the ecotoxicity. Only samples exhibiting the smallest sheet size (below 200 nm) do not interfere either on the hatching time or the rate of alive hatched individuals. GO samples composed of larger sheets, regardless their oxidation and carboxylation degrees, impart negative effects to the embryo’s development stages, including hatching delay, death of embryos and abnormalities on hatched individuals. It is therefore concluded that the photothermal effect is more dependent on the oxidation degree, whereas ecotoxicity is more dependent on the size of GO sheets.

一组采用不同方法获得的13个GO样品，并通过八个结构参数进行描述-流体力学直径（658 nm–142 nm），粒度多分散指数，光吸收系数，λ最大值，D / G峰强度比，微晶尺寸，缺陷和pH –接受了NIR 808 nm照射（实验1）和斑马鱼胚胎进行的鱼胚毒性（FET）测试（实验2）。对所得数据进行的主成分分析（PCA）表明，强烈依赖于GO氧化度和羧酸基团存在的光吸收系数和λ最大值是与光热效应最相关的特征。相反，尺寸是生态毒性的主要参数。仅显示最小纸张尺寸（低于200 nm）的样品不会影响孵化时间或孵化个体的存活率。GO样本由较大的薄片组成，无论其氧化程度和羧化程度如何，都会对胚胎的发育阶段产生负面影响，包括孵化延迟，胚胎死亡和孵化个体异常。因此可以得出结论，光热效应更多地取决于氧化程度，而生态毒性则更多地取决于GO片材的尺寸。胚胎死亡和孵化个体异常。因此可以得出结论，光热效应更多地取决于氧化程度，而生态毒性则更多地取决于GO片材的尺寸。胚胎死亡和孵化个体异常。因此可以得出结论，光热效应更多地取决于氧化程度，而生态毒性则更多地取决于GO片材的尺寸。