Objective

To provide a narrative overview of contemporary surgical management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with focus on radical cystectomy and urinary tract reconstruction.

Data Sources

International guidelines and a search for articles in PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Database for single and collaborative studies on surgical management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Conclusion

Patients diagnosed with muscle invasive bladder cancer often have complex treatment and care needs. For those who undergo radical cystectomy as the curative treatment, there is a considerable risk of general complications after major surgery and short- and long-term complications specific to reconstruction of the urinary tract after radical cystectomy. Contemporary care focuses on perioperative optimization to lower rates of major complications, enhanced recovery protocols, and focus on rehabilitation and cancer survivorship.

Implications for Nursing Practice

Nurses are integral members of the multidisciplinary team around patients undergoing surgery for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and are in a position to coordinate pathways for these patients who often have complex care needs because of preexisting comorbidity and limited personal resources that impede recovery after major surgery and cancer survivorship.

中文翻译：

---

肌肉浸润性膀胱癌的手术治疗：当前建议的回顾

客观的

提供当代肌肉浸润性膀胱癌手术治疗的叙述性概述，重点是根治性膀胱切除术和泌尿道重建。

数据源

国际指南和在 PubMed、Medline 和 Cochrane 数据库中搜索关于肌肉浸润性膀胱癌手术治疗的单一和协作研究的文章。

结论

被诊断为肌肉浸润性膀胱癌的患者通常有复杂的治疗和护理需求。对于接受根治性膀胱切除术作为治愈性治疗的患者，大手术后出现一般并发症以及根治性膀胱切除术后泌尿道重建的短期和长期并发症的风险相当大。当代护理侧重于围手术期优化以降低主要并发症的发生率、增强康复方案，并侧重于康复和癌症存活率。

对护理实践的影响

护士是围绕接受肌肉浸润性膀胱癌手术的患者的多学科团队不可或缺的成员，并且能够为这些患者协调路径，这些患者由于先前存在的合并症和阻碍大手术后恢复的个人资源有限而经常有复杂的护理需求和癌症幸存者。