The study aims to monitor the post-establishment success of the invasive skeleton shrimp Caprella scaura in the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition zone and understand its connectivity with other world areas, providing new information on the status of the introduced population and its global distribution. By using mitochondrial markers (16S and COI) we examined the temporal variation of populations in Cadiz Bay, Spain (hotspot for introductions in Europe) in between 2010 and 2017; as well as their linkage with foreign populations in its native and introduced distribution ranges. Cadiz Bay populations exhibited a connection with several European introduced populations (Iberian Peninsula, Canary Islands, Mediterranean Sea and The Netherlands), eastern USA, Sea of Japan and Australia. We found no evidence to support a Brazilian origin (one potential native area) of the Iberian Peninsula populations. We identified a progressive decrease in haplotype diversity and a low connectivity at the end of the monitoring period in one of the stations. Human-mediated changes in propagule pressure, and unfavorable environmental fluctuations are probably responsible for this. Meanwhile, populations in Cadiz Bay count on numerous foreign donors that could easily refuel the propagule input by exchanging gene flow. This implies that a vector regulation strategy has the potential of compromising the success of established non-native populations, which usually undergo vulnerability periods due to the challenging conditions of marinas. The use of molecular tools in a time series approach is then useful to identify the ideal time window to put in action management measures so that they are cost-effective.

该研究旨在监测侵入性骨架虾Caprella scaura建立后的成功在大西洋—地中海过渡区工作，并了解其与其他世界地区的联系，从而提供有关引进人口状况及其全球分布的新信息。通过使用线粒体标记（16S和COI），我们研究了2010年至2017年之间西班牙加的斯湾（欧洲引种的热点）的人口时空变化；以及他们在本国和引进分布范围内与外国人口的联系。加的斯湾的人口与几个欧洲引进的人口（伊比利亚半岛，加那利群岛，地中海和荷兰），美国东部，日本海和澳大利亚有关。我们发现没有证据支持伊比利亚半岛人口的巴西血统（一个潜在的本土地区）。我们发现在其中一个站点的监测期结束时，单体型多样性逐渐减少并且连接性较低。人类介导的繁殖压力变化以及不利的环境波动可能是造成这种情况的原因。同时，加的斯湾的人口依靠众多外国捐助者，这些外国捐助者可以通过交换基因流轻松为繁殖体提供燃料。这意味着媒介调控策略有可能损害已建立的非本地种群的成功，由于码头的挑战性条件，这些种群通常会经历脆弱期。这样，在时间序列方法中使用分子工具将有助于确定实施行动管理措施的理想时间窗口，从而使其具有成本效益。