Organic residues emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are toxic to plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). In this study, we demonstrated that whey produced by cow milk emit VOCs that are toxic to Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2), causing immobility above 80% and significant (P < 0.05) mortality compared to controls. The analysis of the volatilome done by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed 28 compounds, predominantly carboxylic acids and esters. Four of those volatile fatty acids (VFAs), namely acetic acid, octanoic acid, ethyl octanoate, and isovaleric acid, were chosen to further studies. The four tested VFAs were toxic to M. incognita J2, with lethal concentration values required to kill 50% of the nematode population (LC₅₀), ranging from 134.30 to 236.08 μg mL⁻¹. However, on eggs, only acetic acid and ethyl octanoate were consistent with J2 hatch inhibition, reaching 80% at a concentration of 1000 μg mL⁻¹. In a greenhouse assay, when the VFAs were applied as soil fumigant, M. incognita infectivity and reproduction were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to the negative control (water). Among them, ethyl octanoate application reduced (P < 0.05) the number of eggs to the level of the commercial fumigant dazomet. Overall, the volatile compounds released by whey were toxic to M. incognita J2 and contained a great diversity of molecules. Among the VFAs, ethyl octanoate stood out and showed the potential to be used in future field studies.

有机残留物会释放对植物寄生线虫（PPN）有毒的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。在这项研究中，我们证明了由牛奶生产的乳清释放出的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）对南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）第二代幼虫（J2）有毒， 与对照组相比，动静率超过80％，死亡率显着（P <0.05）。通过气相色谱与质谱联用对挥发物进行分析，发现28种化合物，主要是羧酸和酯。这些挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）中的四种，即乙酸，辛酸，辛酸乙酯和异戊酸被选择用于进一步研究。四个测试的VFA是有毒的南方根结线虫J2，具有杀死50％的线虫种群所需的致死浓度值（LC ₅₀），范围从134.30至236.08μgmL ^-1。但是，在鸡蛋上，只有乙酸和辛酸乙酯与J2孵化抑制作用一致，在1000μgmL ^-1的浓度下达到80％。在温室试验中，当将VFA用作土壤熏蒸剂时，与阴性对照（水）相比，南方根结线虫的感染力和繁殖能力显着降低（P <0.05）。其中，辛酸乙酯的使用使鸡蛋的数量减少了（P <0.05），降至商品熏蒸剂达佐米特的水平。总体而言，乳清释放的挥发性化合物对隐孢子虫有毒J2和包含很大的分子多样性。在VFA中，辛酸乙酯脱颖而出，显示出可用于未来田间研究的潜力。