The waves generated by hurricanes, together with storm surges, have led to severe damage and even failures in many coastal bridges in the Gulf of Mexico. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of wave action on coastal bridges over the past 15 years. However, most of the existing research, both experimental and numerical, has used a regular or irregular wave as the incident wave; this cannot accurately and efficiently reproduce the features of hurricane waves. In this study, a periodical focused wave (PFW) was employed to experimentally investigate wave actions on coastal bridges. A coastal bridge model including a deck and box girder was set up in a wave flume to measure wave forces. PFWs with different peak frequencies and main crests were calibrated in the empty flume, and then were used to observe the wave action on the bridge model at different clearances. Using a smoothing method, the quasi-static and slamming parts were separated from the total wave forces. The experimental results show that the maximum horizontal and vertical wave forces both occur at approximately the time when the overhanging deck is fully submerged and wave water begins to overlap the bridge deck. The vertical quasi-static force is almost linear in relation to the main crest and clearance, but the horizontal and vertical slamming forces show a complicated tendency. The relationships between the dimensionless wave forces and relative maximum amplitude/wave steepness are studied, along with the relative relationships between the wave force components. The experimental results are also compared with those from two existing methods.

飓风产生的海浪，加上风暴潮，已导致墨西哥湾许多沿海桥梁遭受严重破坏，甚至发生故障。在过去的15年中，已经进行了一些研究来研究波浪作用对沿海桥梁的影响。但是，大多数现有的研究，无论是实验研究还是数值研究，都使用规则或不规则波作为入射波。这不能准确有效地重现飓风波的特征。在这项研究中，采用周期性聚焦波（PFW）来实验研究沿海桥梁上的波浪作用。在波浪槽中建立了一个包括桥面和箱形梁的沿海桥梁模型，以测量波浪力。在空水槽中校准了具有不同峰值频率和主波峰的PFW，然后用于观察在不同间隙处对桥梁模型的波浪作用。使用平滑方法，将准静态部分和砰击部分与总波浪力分开。实验结果表明，最大的水平波浪力和垂直波浪力都在悬垂甲板完全浸没且波浪水开始与桥面板重叠时出现。垂直准静态力相对于主波峰和间隙几乎是线性的，但是水平和垂直砰击力显示出复杂的趋势。研究了无量纲波浪力与相对最大振幅/波浪陡度之间的关系，以及波浪力分量之间的相对关系。实验结果也与两种现有方法进行了比较。