In this study, we propose a network-geographic information system (GIS) modeling framework to construct a risk map for revealing infrastructure vulnerability to seismic hazards. The framework considers the cascading network of interdependencies among the effects and intermediate effects of earthquakes. Network modeling is applied to analyze infrastructure vulnerabilities and identify the infrastructure types that are vulnerable to earthquakes, while geographical modeling is applied to identify seismic hazards in terms of ground motion intensity and earthquake source faults. Reported earthquake cases in Japan are selected for analysis, and an illustrative example of the modeling of a risk map is conducted on a section of a conventional train line in Japan. In the network modeling, statistics and network diagrams are developed to analyze the relational earthquake incident data. The results demonstrate that earthquakes can cause direct and indirect effects on infrastructure, and interdependencies can be found among the effects and intermediate effects. In the geographical modeling, probabilistic distribution is adopted to predict the seismic characteristics; the results reveal the intensity occurrence probability and cascading consequences of different earthquake intensities, and predict specific degrees of destruction. Infrastructure vulnerability and seismic hazard maps are developed according to the analyzed results. A risk map is then constructed by integrating the infrastructure vulnerability map with the seismic hazard map. This study characterizes the risk of earthquakes to infrastructures, capturing the complex interdependencies to reveal the cascading effects from earthquakes, and quantifying and demonstrating infrastructure areas vulnerable to seismic hazards.

在这项研究中，我们提出了一个网络地理信息系统（GIS）建模框架来构建风险图，以揭示基础设施对地震灾害的脆弱性。该框架考虑了地震影响和中间影响之间相互依存的级联网络。网络建模用于分析基础设施的脆弱性并识别易受地震破坏的基础设施类型，而地理建模则用于根据地震动强度和地震源断层识别地震危险。选择日本报告的地震案例进行分析，并在日本传统火车线路的一部分上进行风险图建模的说明性示例。在网络建模中 开发统计数据和网络图以分析相关地震事件数据。结果表明，地震可对基础设施造成直接和间接影响，并且在影响和中间影响之间存在相互依赖性。在地理建模中，采用概率分布来预测地震特征。结果揭示了不同地震烈度的强度发生概率和连锁反应，并预测了特定的破坏程度。根据分析结果绘制了基础设施脆弱性和地震灾害图。然后，通过将基础设施易损性地图与地震危险性地图集成在一起来构建风险图。这项研究描述了地震对基础设施的风险，