Ground-based solar observations are severely affected by Earth’s turbulent atmosphere. As a consequence, observed image quality and prevailing seeing conditions are closely related. Partial correction of image degradation is nowadays provided in real time by adaptive optics (AO) systems. In this study, different metrics of image quality are compared with parameters characterizing the prevailing seeing conditions, i.e. Median Filter Gradient Similarity (MFGS), Median Filter Laplacian Similarity (MFLS), Helmli–Scherer mean, granular rms-contrast, differential image motion, and Fried-parameter \(r_{0}\). The quiet-Sun observations at disk center were carried out at the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), Observatorio del Teide (OT), Izaña, Tenerife, Spain. In July and August 2016, time series of short-exposure images were recorded with the High-resolution Fast Imager (HiFI) at various wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum. Correlation analysis yields the wavelength dependence of the image quality metrics and seeing parameters, and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is employed to characterize the seeing on a particular observing day. In addition, the image quality metrics and seeing parameters are used to determine the field dependence of the correction provided by the AO system. Management of high-resolution imaging data from large-aperture, ground-based telescopes demands reliable image quality metrics and meaningful characterization of prevailing seeing conditions and AO performance. The present study offers guidance on how retrieving such information ex post facto.

地面太阳观测受到地球湍流的严重影响。结果，观察到的图像质量和普遍的观看条件紧密相关。如今，自适应光学（AO）系统实时提供了图像退化的部分校正。在这项研究中，将不同的图像质量指标与表征当前观看条件的参数进行了比较，例如，中值滤波器梯度相似度（MFGS），中值滤波器拉普拉斯相似度（MFLS），Helmli–Scherer均值，颗粒均方根对比度，差分图像运动，和Fried参数\（r_ {0} \）。磁盘中心的静太阳观测是在西班牙特内里费岛伊萨尼亚的泰德天文台（OT）的真空塔望远镜（VTT）上进行的。2016年7月和2016年8月，使用高分辨率快速成像仪（HiFI）在光谱的可见和近红外部分的各种波长下记录了短时间曝光图像的时间序列。相关分析得出图像质量度量标准和观察参数的波长依赖性，并且采用统一歧管近似和投影（UMAP）来表征特定观察日的观察特性。另外，图像质量度量和可见参数用于确定AO系统提供的校正的场依赖性。从大光圈管理高分辨率成像数据，地面望远镜需要可靠的图像质量指标，以及对现行观察条件和AO性能的有意义的表征。本研究为事后检索此类信息提供了指导。