The genetic diversity and mating status of seed production stands are crucial factors impacting the genetic quality and ecological stability of progeny plantations. The genetic homogeneity of seeds collected from a seed production population in different years has not yet been clearly described. In this study, the genetic diversity and differentiation of a seed-tree stand of 58-year-old Pinus massoniana (P1959) and four-open pollinated plantations of its progeny (OS1996, OS2000, OS2006 and OS2015) were determined by using microsatellite markers. The results showed that similar high genetic diversity was preserved in the seed-tree stand and its four progenies. This implied that current artificial seed harvesting from the seed-tree stand for reforestation does not lead to a significant reduction in genetic diversity; the F index across most loci was significantly greater than zero, indicating population homozygote excess. The pairwise genetic differentiation of the five populations ranged from 0.035 to 0.075, among which OS2015 was the most differentiated from the parent. The differentiation between the parental population and its progeny seemed to increase with increasing age of the seed-trees. This implied that a limited pollination coupled with variable within-stand pollen availability has created opportunities for both self- and foreign pollination to be successful in various periods, resulting in a seemingly paradoxical scenario of both high selfing and gene flow, ultimately resulting in gradually increasing differences in the gene frequency composition between the parental population and its progeny. Management considerations in addressing these problems in similar seed production stands were discussed.

种子生产林的遗传多样性和交配状况是影响后代人工林遗传质量和生态稳定性的关键因素。从不同年份的种子生产种群中收集的种子的遗传同质性尚未明确描述。在这项研究中，58岁的马尾松种子树种的遗传多样性和分化（P1959）和其后代的四个开放授粉种植园（OS1996，OS2000，OS2006和OS2015）使用微卫星标记确定。结果表明，种子树种及其四个后代保留了相似的高遗传多样性。这意味着目前从种树的立场上人工造林以重新造林并没有导致遗传多样性的显着减少。该˚F大多数基因座的指数显着大于零，表明群体纯合子过量。5个种群的成对遗传分化范围为0.035至0.075，其中OS2015与亲本的分化程度最高。亲本种群及其后代之间的差异似乎随着种子树龄的增加而增加。这意味着有限的授粉加上可变的内部花粉供应量为不同时期的自花授粉和外源授粉创造了机会，从而导致自交和基因流高的看似矛盾的情况，最终导致逐渐增加亲本种群及其后代之间的基因频率组成的差异。