Abstract

Changes in socio-economic dynamics in an increasingly globalized world have triggered a significant increase in migration, especially for individuals from Africa. Voluntary migration comes with numerous costs, both hidden and unhidden. These costs, without doubt, do vary from one individual to another. Taking an evidence-based approach with data collected from the United States’ Department of State, this paper uncovers the expenses shouldered by Africans who seek Non-Immigrant Visas to the United States of America (US or USA). With over 80 categories of Non-Immigrant Visas (NIVs), the paper is narrowed to the most commonly sought NIV: the B1/B2 (business and tourism). This paper reflects on not only the increasing numbers of applications made over the years, and the financial implications these applications have on both the applicants and the national economies wherefrom they are made. Furthermore, it reviews the policies relating to US nationals who seek visas to visit African countries for business or tourism. As observed in the analysis of the evidence (official data), this paper argues that the payment of lower amounts thereof is indicative of a bias and lack of reciprocity in this regard, making migration to the Western world a drainage pipe through which African financial resources are collected.

摘要

在日益全球化的世界中，社会经济动态的变化引发了移民的大量增加，特别是对于来自非洲的个人。自愿迁移会带来很多隐性和非隐性成本。毫无疑问，这些成本确实因人而异。本文采用基于证据的方法，结合从美国国务院收集的数据，揭示了寻求到美国（美国或美国）的非移民签证的非洲人所承担的费用。拥有80多种非移民签证（NIV），本文被缩小为最常用的NIV：B1 / B2（商务和旅游）。本文不仅反映了这些年来不断增加的申请数量，以及这些申请对申请人和由此产生的国民经济的财务影响。此外，它还审查了与寻求签证访问非洲国家进行商务或旅游的美国国民有关的政策。正如在对证据（官方数据）的分析中所观察到的那样，本文认为，支付较低的费用表明这方面存在偏见和缺乏互惠性，这使得向西方世界的移民成为非洲金融资源的排水管道。被收集。