This paper conducts a trade-off between efficiency and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement based on the triangulation principle, and introduces a flying and precise 3D shape measurement method based on multiple parallel line lasers. Firstly, we establish the measurement model of the multiple parallel line lasers system, and introduce the concept that multiple base planes can help to deduce the unified formula of the measurement system and are used in simplifying the process of the calibration. Then, the constraint of the line spatial frequency, which maximizes the measurement efficiency while ensuring accuracy, is determined according to the height distribution of the object. Secondly, the simulation analyzing the variation of the systemic resolution quantitatively under the circumstance of a set of specific parameters is performed, which provides a fundamental thesis for option of the four system parameters. Thirdly, for the application of the precision measurement in the industrial field, additional profiles are acquired to improve the lateral resolution by applying a motor to scan the 3D surface. Finally, compared with the line laser, the experimental study shows that the present method of obtaining 41220 points per frame improves the measurement efficiency. Furthermore, the accuracy and the process of the calibration are advanced in comparison with the existing multiple-line laser and the structured light makes an accuracy better than 0.22 mm at a distance of 956.02 mm.

本文基于三角测量原理对三维（3D）形状测量的效率和精度进行了权衡，并介绍了一种基于多条平行线激光的飞行精密3D形状测量方法。首先，我们建立了多平行线激光系统的测量模型，并引入了多基面有助于推导出测量系统的统一公式并用于简化校准过程的概念。然后，根据物体的高度分布确定在保证精度的同时最大化测量效率的线空间频率约束。其次，对一组特定参数情况下系统分辨率的变化进行定量分析的仿真，为四个系统参数的选择提供了基础理论。第三，对于工业领域的精密测量应用，通过应用电机扫描3D表面来获取额外的轮廓以提高横向分辨率。最后，与线激光相比，实验研究表明，本方法每帧获得41220个点，提高了测量效率。此外，与现有的多线激光器相比，校准的精度和过程都得到了改进，结构光在956.02 mm的距离处精度优于0.22 mm。这为四个系统参数的选择提供了一个基本论点。第三，对于工业领域的精密测量应用，通过应用电机扫描3D表面来获取额外的轮廓以提高横向分辨率。最后，与线激光相比，实验研究表明，本方法每帧获得41220个点，提高了测量效率。此外，与现有的多线激光器相比，校准的精度和过程都得到了改进，结构光在956.02 mm的距离处精度优于0.22 mm。这为四个系统参数的选择提供了一个基本论点。第三，对于工业领域的精密测量应用，通过应用电机扫描3D表面来获取额外的轮廓以提高横向分辨率。最后，与线激光相比，实验研究表明，本方法每帧获得41220个点，提高了测量效率。此外，与现有的多线激光器相比，校准的精度和过程都得到了改进，结构光在956.02 mm的距离处精度优于0.22 mm。通过应用电机扫描 3D 表面，获取额外的轮廓以提高横向分辨率。最后，与线激光相比，实验研究表明，本方法每帧获得41220个点，提高了测量效率。此外，与现有的多线激光器相比，校准的精度和过程都得到了改进，结构光在956.02 mm的距离处精度优于0.22 mm。通过应用电机扫描 3D 表面，获取额外的轮廓以提高横向分辨率。最后，与线激光相比，实验研究表明，本方法每帧获得41220个点，提高了测量效率。此外，与现有的多线激光器相比，校准的精度和过程都得到了改进，结构光在956.02 mm的距离处精度优于0.22 mm。