In the past two decades, the built environment emerged as a conceptually important determinant of obesity. As a result, an abundance of studies aiming to link environmental characteristics to weight-related outcomes have been published, and multiple reviews have attempted to summarise these studies under different scopes and domains. We set out to summarise the accumulated evidence across domains by conducting a review of systematic reviews on associations between any aspect of the built environment and overweight or obesity. Seven databases were searched for eligible publications from the year 2000 onwards. We included systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses and pooled analyses of observational studies in the form of cross-sectional, case–control, longitudinal cohort, ecological, descriptive, intervention studies and natural experiments. We assessed risk of bias and summarised results structured by built environmental themes such as food environment, physical activity environment, urban–rural disparity, socioeconomic status and air pollution. From 1850 initial hits, 32 systematic reviews were included, most of which reported equivocal evidence for associations. For food- and physical activity environments, associations were generally very small or absent, although some characteristics within these domains were consistently associated with weight status such as fast-food exposure, urbanisation, land use mix and urban sprawl. Risks of bias were predominantly high. Thus far, while most studies have not been able to confirm the assumed influence of built environments on weight, there is evidence for some obesogenic environmental characteristics. Registration: This umbrella review was registered on PROSPERO under ID CRD42019135857.

中文翻译：

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建筑环境与肥胖之间的关联：综合综述


在过去的二十年里，建筑环境已成为肥胖的重要决定因素。因此，大量旨在将环境特征与体重相关结果联系起来的研究已经发表，并且多项评论试图在不同范围和领域总结这些研究。我们着手通过对建筑环境的任何方面与超重或肥胖之间的关联进行系统评价来总结跨领域积累的证据。从 2000 年起，我们在七个数据库中检索了符合条件的出版物。我们以横断面、病例对照、纵向队列、生态、描述性、干预研究和自然实验的形式对观察性研究进行系统文献综述、荟萃分析和汇总分析。我们评估了偏见风险，并根据食品环境、体育活动环境、城乡差距、社会经济地位和空气污染等既定环境主题总结了结果。从 1850 个初步点击中，纳入了 32 个系统评价，其中大多数报告了模棱两可的关联证据。对于食物和身体活动环境，关联通常非常小或不存在，尽管这些领域内的一些特征始终与体重状况相关，例如快餐接触、城市化、土地利用组合和城市扩张。偏见风险主要很高。到目前为止，虽然大多数研究未能证实建筑环境对体重的影响，但有证据表明存在一些致胖的环境特征。注册：此总括评论已在 PROSPERO 上注册，ID 为 CRD42019135857。