Bidirectional transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells, in which the genetic material is compartmentalized inside the nucleus. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the major gateway to the nucleus and it regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport, which is key to processes including transcriptional regulation and cell cycle control. Accordingly, components of the nuclear transport machinery are often found to be dysregulated or hijacked in diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we provide an overview of our current understanding of cargo transport through the NPC, from the basic transport signals and machinery to more emerging aspects, all from a ‘cargo perspective’. Among these, we discuss the transport of large cargoes (>15 nm), as well as the roles of different cargo properties to nuclear transport, from size and number of bound nuclear transport receptors (NTRs), to surface and mechanical properties.

大分子穿过核膜的双向运输是真核细胞的标志，其中遗传物质被分隔在细胞核内。核孔复合物 (NPC) 是通往细胞核的主要通道，它调节核质运输，这是转录调节和细胞周期控制等过程的关键。因此，经常发现核运输机械的部件在疾病中失调或被劫持。在这篇《细胞科学概览》文章和随附的海报中，我们概述了我们目前对通过 NPC 进行货物运输的理解，从基本的运输信号和机械到更多新兴方面，所有这些都是从“货物角度”出发的。其中，我们讨论了大件货物（>15 nm）的运输，