Locke's consciousness‐based theory of personal identity resulted not only from his agnosticism on substance, but also from his biblical theology. This theory was intended to complement and sustain Locke's moral and theological commitments to a system of otherworldly rewards and sanctions as revealed in Scripture. Moreover, he inferred mortalist ideas from the Bible, rejecting the resurrection of the same body and maintaining that the soul dies at physical death and will be resurrected by divine miracle. Accordingly, personal identity is neither in the soul, nor in the body, nor in a union of soul and body. To Locke, personal identity is in consciousness, which, extending “backwards to any past Action or Thought,” enables the self, both in this life and upon resurrection for the Last Judgment, to recognize that “it is the same self now it was then; and ‘tis by the same self with this present one that now reflects on it, that that Action was done” (Essay II.xxvii.9).

中文翻译：

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洛克个人身份理论的圣经根源

洛克基于意识的个人身份理论，不仅源于他对物质的不可知论性，还源于他的圣经神学。该理论旨在补充和维持洛克对圣经所揭示的超凡脱俗的奖惩制度的道德和神学承诺。此外，他从圣经中推断出凡人论的思想，拒绝同一身体的复活，并坚持说灵魂死于肉体死亡，并将因神迹的奇迹而复活。因此，个人身份既不在灵魂中，也不在身体中，也不在灵魂与身体的结合中。对洛克来说，个人身份存在于意识中，这种意识“向后延伸到任何过去的行动或思想”，使自我在今生和最后审判的复活中都能够意识到“这是相同的”。自现在就在那时，并且“与现在反映这一事实的这个人是同一个人，认为该行动已经完成”（论文II.xxvii.9）。