Multinational business enterprises (MBEs) have created and/or discovered opportunities to improve on their businesses, by engaging in technological change and establishing presence by ownership or cooperation with local parties on foreign markets. This development has increased the level of complexity to managers dramatically. Accordingly, the MBEs have developed governance and coordination means to cope with that growing complexity, mainly by inventing governing modes in between the market and the hierarchy and delegating coordination to network or value-chain parties. To be able to explain this development, the internalization approach has been modernized with assumptions more similar to those of the Uppsala model. Micro-foundational findings support a process approach to trust building and exploitation, making trust an essential ingredient in research on exchange behavior.

跨国企业（MBE）通过参与技术变革并通过与外国市场上的当地方有所有权或合作来建立和/或建立存在感，从而创造和/或发现了改善其业务的机会。这种发展极大地提高了管理人员的复杂性。因此，MBE已经开发了治理和协调手段来应对这种日益增长的复杂性，主要是通过发明市场和层次结构之间的治理模式以及将协调委托给网络或价值链各方来进行。为了能够解释这种发展，已经对内部化方法进行了现代化改造，其假设与Uppsala模型的假设更为相似。微观基础的发现支持建立信任和利用信任的过程方法，