Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities that contaminate all environmental spheres, including soils. This study focused on PAHs measured in 2154 soils in France, covering the entire territory based on a regular sampling grid. The quantified concentrations in the Σ15PAHs ranged from 5.1 to 31200 µg · kg⁻¹, with a median value of 32.6 µg · kg⁻¹, and PAHs were detected in 70 % of the soil samples. The map of Σ15PAHs concentrations revealed strong spatial variations in soil contamination throughout France, with larger concentrations in soils of industrial regions and near major cities. PAHs molecular diagnostic ratios supports the historical origin of PAHs in the northern part of France being linked to the significant emissions of PAHs in Europe during the industrial period of 1850–1950 with in particular the contribution of coal/biomass combustion and iron-steel production. A health risk assessment conducted for the residential population resulted in a median value of 1.07 × 10⁻⁸ in total lifetime cancer risk, with only 20 sites above the limit of 10⁻⁶ and one above the limit of 10⁻⁵ adopted by the French government. These results reveal the need to conduct large-scale studies on soil contamination to determine the fate of PAHs and evaluate the risks induced by soil pollution at a country-level scale.

中文翻译：

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法国土壤中多环芳烃的空间变异，起源和风险评估

摘要。多环芳烃（PAHs）是人为活动产生的持久性有机污染物，污染了包括土壤在内的所有环境领域。这项研究的重点是在法国的2154种土壤中测量的PAH，并根据常规采样网格覆盖了整个领土。Σ15PAHs中的定量浓度范围为5.1至31200 µg·kg ^-1，中位数为32.6 µg·kg ^-1，并且在70％的土壤样品中检测到了PAHs。Σ15PAHs浓度图显示了整个法国土壤污染的强烈空间变化，其中工业区和主要城市附近的土壤中浓度较高。PAHs的分子诊断率支持了法国北部PAHs的历史渊源，这与1850–1950年的工业化期间欧洲PAHs的大量排放有关，尤其是煤/生物质燃烧和钢铁生产的贡献。对常住人口进行的健康风险评估得出终生癌症总风险的中位数为1.07×10 ^-8，只有10个站点超出10 ^-6的限制，其中一个站点超过10 ^-5的限制。被法国政府采用。这些结果表明，需要对土壤污染进行大规模研究，以确定多环芳烃的命运，并在国家一级评估土壤污染引起的风险。