This work focuses on evaluating the therapeutic ability of betalain and its causal mechanisms in NSCLC both in vivo and in vitro. The experimental results demonstrated that betalain was able to reduce the viability of A549 cells dose dependently with undetectable toxicity toward normal human cells. Betalain also augmented the apoptotic cells of A549 and cell cycle arrest which was evidenced via increased in level of p53/p21 and decreasing levels of cyclin‐D1 complex. Moreover, betalain also reduced the levels of p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin significantly, justifying the pro‐apoptotic effect on A549 cells. The in vivo anticancer activity of betalain was determined further in nude mice injected with A549 cells. Xenograft in vivo experiments confirmed betalain administration of ameliorates the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, tumor markers with reduced toxic effect. Accordingly, this combined study provides significant insight on betalain as a therapeutic agent.

中文翻译：

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Betalain通过PI3K / Akt / mTOR信号通路对人非小细胞肺癌的潜在化学治疗作用

这项工作的重点是在体内和体外评估甜菜碱的治疗能力及其在非小细胞肺癌中的作用机制。实验结果表明，甜菜碱能够剂量依赖性地降低A549细胞的活力，而对正常人细胞的毒性却不可测。Betalain还增强了A549的凋亡细胞和细胞周期阻滞，这可以通过p53 / p21水平的增加和cyclin-D1复合物水平的降低来证明。此外，甜菜碱还显着降低了雷帕霉素的p-PI3K，p-Akt和哺乳动物靶标的水平，证明对A549细胞具有促凋亡作用。在注射了A549细胞的裸鼠中进一步确定了甜菜碱的体内抗癌活性。异种移植的体内实验证实，甜菜碱给药可改善促炎细胞因子的表达，这是一种降低了毒性作用的肿瘤标志物。因此，这项联合研究提供了关于βlain作为治疗剂的重要见解。