Weaning, parturitions and illnesses are recorded in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) dental cementum microstructure,American Journal of Primatology

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Weaning, parturitions and illnesses are recorded in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) dental cementum microstructure
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23235
Paola Cerrito _{1,

2,

3} , Leonardo Cerrito ₄ , Bin Hu ₃ , Shara E Bailey _{1,

2} , Rachel Kalisher ₅ , Timothy G Bromage ₃

Affiliation

Many open questions in evolutionary studies relate to species' physiological adaptations, including the evolution of their life history and reproductive strategies. There are few empirical methods capable of detecting and timing physiologically impactful events such as weaning, parturition and illnesses from hard tissue remains of either extant or extinct species. Cementum is an incremental tissue with post eruption annual periodicity, which covers the tooth root and functions as a recording structure of an animal's physiology. Here we test the hypothesis that it is possible to detect and time physiologically impactful events through the analysis of dental cementum microstructure. Our sample comprises 41 permanent and deciduous teeth from male and female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with known medical, lifestyle and life history information. We develop a semi‐automated method of cementum histological analysis for the purpose of event detection and timing, aimed at significantly reducing the amount of intra‐ and interobserver errors typically associated with histological analyses. The results of our work show that we were able to detect known events including weaning, parturition, illness and physical trauma with high accuracy (false negative rate = 3.2%; n = 1), and to time them within an average absolute difference of 0.43 years (R² = .98; p < .05). Nonetheless, we could not distinguish between the several types of stressful events underlying the changes in cementum microstructure. While this study is the first to identify a variety of life history events in macaque dental cementum, laying foundations for future work in conservation and evolutionary studies of both primates and toothed mammals at large, there are some limitations. Other types of analyses (possibly chemical ones) are necessary to tease apart the causes of the stressors.

中文翻译：

断奶、分娩和疾病记录在恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）牙骨质微结构中

进化研究中的许多悬而未决的问题与物种的生理适应有关，包括它们的生活史和繁殖策略的进化。很少有经验方法能够从现存或灭绝物种的硬组织遗骸中检测和计时对生理有影响的事件，例如断奶、分娩和疾病。牙骨质是一种具有萌发后年度周期性的增量组织，它覆盖牙根并作为动物生理的记录结构。在这里，我们测试了一个假设，即通过分析牙骨质微观结构来检测和计时生理影响事件是可能的。我们的样本包括来自雄性和雌性恒河猴(Macaca mulatta) 的41 颗恒牙和乳牙) 具有已知的医疗、生活方式和生活史信息。我们开发了一种半自动牙骨质组织学分析方法，用于事件检测和计时，旨在显着减少通常与组织学分析相关的观察者内和观察者间错误的数量。我们的工作结果表明，我们能够以高精度（假阴性率 = 3.2%；n = 1）检测已知事件，包括断奶、分娩、疾病和身体创伤，并将它们的时间平均绝对差异设为 0.43年 ( R ² = .98; p < .05）。尽管如此，我们无法区分牙骨质微观结构变化背后的几种压力事件。虽然这项研究首次确定了猕猴牙骨质中的各种生活史事件，为未来灵长类动物和有齿哺乳动物的保护和进化研究奠定了基础，但也存在一些局限性。需要其他类型的分析（可能是化学分析）来梳理压力源的原因。

更新日期：2021-02-23

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