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Wind turbine blade material in the United States: Quantities, costs, and end-of-life options
Resources, Conservation and Recycling ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105439
Aubryn Cooperman , Annika Eberle , Eric Lantz

Wind energy has experienced enormous growth in the past few decades; as a result, there are thousands of wind turbines around the world that will reach the end of their design lifetimes in the coming years. Much of the material in those turbines can be recycled using conventional processes, but the composite material that is the main component of the blades is more challenging to recycle. In the United States, turbine blades may be disposed of in landfills, adding a new solid waste stream to the material already being landfilled. This paper presents a spatially resolved estimate of the mass and volume of wind turbine blade waste in each state by 2050 and compares these amounts to estimates of the remaining landfill capacity by state. We estimate costs for each stage of the disposal process to indicate cost levels for alternatives. Assuming a 20-year turbine lifetime, the cumulative blade waste in 2050 is approximately 2.2 million tons. This value represents approximately 1% of remaining landfill capacity by volume, or 0.2% by mass. We also find that the current cost of disposing of blades in large segments or through grinding is relatively low in comparison to the overall life-cycle cost of energy. Based on these findings, landfill space constraints and disposal costs appear unlikely to motivate a change in waste handling strategies under current policy conditions. Instead, more profound shifts in recycling technologies, blade materials, or policy may be needed to move towards a circular economy for wind turbine blades.



中文翻译:

美国的风力涡轮机叶片材料:数量,成本和报废选项

在过去的几十年中,风能获得了巨大的发展。结果,全球有成千上万的风力涡轮机将在未来几年达到其设计寿命。这些涡轮机中的许多材料可以使用常规方法进行回收,但是作为叶片主要部件的复合材料的回收更具挑战性。在美国,可以将涡轮机叶片丢弃在垃圾填埋场中,从而将新的固体废物流添加到已经被垃圾填埋的材料中。本文提出了到2050年每个州的风力涡轮机叶片废物的质量和体积的空间分解估算,并将这些数量与每个州对剩余垃圾填埋能力的估算进行比较。我们估算处置过程每个阶段的成本,以表明替代品的成本水平。假设涡轮机使用寿命为20年,则2050年的叶片累积废料约为220万吨。该值约占剩余垃圾填埋能力的1%(体积)或0.2%(质量)。我们还发现,与能源的整个生命周期成本相比,目前大面积或通过磨削处理叶片的成本相对较低。基于这些发现,在当前政策条件下,垃圾填埋场的空间限制和处置成本似乎不太可能促使改变废物处理策略。取而代之的是,可能需要对回收技术,叶片材料或政策进行更深刻的转变,以实现风力涡轮机叶片的循环经济。该值约占剩余垃圾填埋能力的1%(体积)或0.2%(质量)。我们还发现,与能源的整个生命周期成本相比,目前大面积或通过磨削处理叶片的成本相对较低。基于这些发现,在当前政策条件下,垃圾填埋场的空间限制和处置成本似乎不太可能促使改变废物处理策略。取而代之的是,可能需要对回收技术,叶片材料或政策进行更深刻的转变,以实现风力涡轮机叶片的循环经济。该值约占剩余垃圾填埋能力的1%(体积)或0.2%(质量)。我们还发现,与能源的整个生命周期成本相比,目前大面积或通过磨削处理叶片的成本相对较低。基于这些发现,在当前政策条件下,垃圾填埋场的空间限制和处置成本似乎不太可能促使改变废物处理策略。取而代之的是,可能需要对回收技术,叶片材料或政策进行更深刻的转变,以实现风力涡轮机叶片的循环经济。在目前的政策条件下,垃圾填埋场的空间限制和处置成本似乎不太可能促使改变废物处理策略。取而代之的是,可能需要对回收技术,叶片材料或政策进行更深刻的转变,以实现风力涡轮机叶片的循环经济。在当前政策条件下,垃圾填埋场的空间限制和处置成本似乎不太可能促使改变废物处理策略。取而代之的是,可能需要对回收技术,叶片材料或政策进行更深刻的转变,以实现风力涡轮机叶片的循环经济。

更新日期:2021-02-01
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