The Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) has an XX/XY sex determination system but its sex determination gene(s) remain unknown. To better understand the molecular sex determination mechanism, transcriptome analysis was conducted to obtain sex-related gene expression profiles. Transcriptome analyses were made of male and female developing/differentiating gonads by high-throughput RNA sequencing, including gonads from fish given an estradiol-induced sex reversal treatment. A total of 81,569 unigenes were assembled and 39,904 were significantly matched to known unique proteins by comparison with public databases. Twenty specifically expressed and 142 differentially expressed sex-related genes were extracted from annotated data by comparing the treatment groups. These genes are involved in spermatogenesis (e.g., Dnali1, nectin3, klhl10, mybl1, Katnal1, Eno4, Mns1, Spag6, Tsga10, Septin7), oogenesis (e.g., Lagr5, Fmn2, Npm2, zar1, Fbxo5, Fbxo43, Prdx4, Nrip1, Lfng, Atrip), gonadal development/differentiation (e.g., Cxcr4b, Hmgb2, Cftr, Ch25h, brip1, Prdm9, Tdrd1, Star, dmrt1, Tut4, Hsd17b12a, gdf9, dnd, arf1, Spata22), and estradiol response (e.g., Mmp14, Lhcgr, vtg1, vtg2, esr2b, Piwil1, Aifm1, Hsf1, gdf9). Dmrt1 and gdf9 may play an essential role in sex determination in P. ussuriensis. The expression patterns of six random genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR, which confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the RNA-seq results. These data provide a valuable resource for future studies of gene expression and for understanding the molecular mechanism of sex determination/differentiation and gonadal development/differentiation (including hormone-induced sexual reversal) in Ussuri catfish. This has the potential to assist in producing monosex Ussuri catfish to increase aquacultural productivity.

乌苏里cat鱼（Pusudobagrus ussuriensis）具有XX / XY性别确定系统，但其性别确定基因仍然未知。为了更好地了解分子性别决定机制，进行了转录组分析以获得性别相关的基因表达谱。通过高通量RNA测序对雄性和雌性发育/分化性腺进行转录组分析，包括接受雌二醇诱导的性逆转治疗的鱼类性腺。通过与公共数据库比较，总共装配了81,569个单基因，并且39,904个与已知的独特蛋白质显着匹配。通过比较治疗组，从注释数据中提取了二十种特异性表达的基因和142种差异表达的性别相关基因。这些基因与精子发生有关（例如，Dnali1，nectin3，klhl10，mybl1，Katnal1，Eno4，Mns1，Spag6，Tsga10，Septin7），卵子发生（例如Lagr5，Fmn2，Npm2，zar1，Fbxo5，Fbxo43，Prdx4，Nrip1，Lfng，Atrip），性腺发育/分化Cxcr4b，Hmgb2，Cftr，Ch25h，brip1，Prdm9，Tdrd1，Star，dmrt1，Tut4，Hsd17b12a，gdf9，dnd，arf1，Spata22）和雌二醇响应（例如Mmp14，Lhcgr，vtg1，vtg2，esr2b，Piwil1，Aifm1，Hsf1，gdf9）。DMRT1和GDF9可以发挥在性别决定的重要作用P.乌苏里。通过定量实时PCR验证了六个随机基因的表达模式，证实了RNA-seq结果的可靠性和准确性。这些数据为以后的基因表达研究以及了解乌苏里cat鱼性别决定/分化和性腺发育/分化（包括激素诱导的性逆转）的分子机制提供了宝贵的资源。这有可能协助生产单性乌苏里cat鱼，以提高水产养殖生产率。