Strong mining‐induced earthquakes are often followed by aftershocks, similar to natural earthquakes. Although the magnitudes of such in‐mine aftershocks are not high, they may pose a threat to mining infrastructure, production, and primarily, people working underground. The existing post‐earthquake mining procedures usually do not consider any aspects of the physics of the mainshock. This work aims to estimate the rate and distribution of aftershocks following mining‐induced seismic events by applying the rate‐and‐state model of fault friction, which is commonly used in natural earthquake studies. It was found that both the pre‐mainshock level of seismicity and the coseismic stress change following the mainshock rupture have strong effects on the aftershock sequence. For mining‐induced seismicity, however, we need to additionally account for the constantly changing stress state caused by the ongoing exploitation. Here, we attempt to model the aftershock sequence, its rate, and distribution of two M≈2 events in iron ore Kiruna mine, Sweden. We could appropriately estimate the aftershock sequence for one of the events because both the modeled rate and distribution of aftershocks matched the observed activity; however, the model underestimated the rate of aftershocks for the other event. The results of modeling showed that aftershocks following mining events occur in the areas of pre‐mainshock activity influenced by the positive coulomb stress changes, according to the model’s assumptions. However, we also noted that some additional process not incorporated in the rate‐and‐state model may influence the aftershock sequence. Nevertheless, this type of modeling is a good tool for evaluating the risk areas in mines following a strong seismic event.

中文翻译：

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在采矿诱发地震中控制余震的时空分布的因素：瑞典基律纳矿的地震静应力变化对地震影响的洞察力

与自然地震类似，强烈的采矿诱发的地震之后通常会发生余震。尽管此类矿山余震的强度不高，但它们可能对采矿基础设施，生产以及主要是地下工作的人员构成威胁。现有的地震后采矿程序通常不考虑主震物理的任何方面。这项工作旨在通过应用自然地震研究中常用的断层摩擦速率和状态模型来估算采矿诱发的地震事件后余震的速率和分布。结果发现，主震前的地震活动水平和主震破裂后的同震应力变化都对余震序列产生强烈影响。但是，对于采矿引起的地震活动，我们还需要考虑到持续开采造成的不断变化的压力状态。在此，我们尝试对瑞典基律纳铁矿中两个M≈2事件的余震序列，其发生率和分布进行建模。我们可以适当地估计其中一个事件的余震序列，因为模拟的余震速率和分布都与观测到的活动相吻合。但是，该模型低估了其他事件的余震发生率。模型的结果表明，根据模型的假设，采矿事件之后的余震发生在库仑应力正变化影响下的主震前区域。但是，我们还注意到，速率和状态模型中未包含的一些其他过程可能会影响余震序列。不过，