Abstract

The present study was carried out to estimate the residual level of preservatives and active whitening agents from personal care products (PCPs) wastewater by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) along with characterization of wastewater. Diverse types of pollutants are being detected in aqueous environment with PCPs and related compounds containing large variety of groups, including parent molecules and their respective metabolites. Intensive research is required on this subject to gain reliable information about their occurrence, fate and adverse effects on health. For this purpose, development of extremely sensitive analytical methods of determination in industrial wastewater samples are not only need of the hour but also a challenge. Liquid chromatography is an advanced analytical method for such pollutants. In this study, samples were collected from industrial sites located at distant points of Lahore and characterization was done through different parameters to illustrate wastewater quality. It has been found that values were within limits of National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) except for turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) in some samples. Six preservatives including methylparaben, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, sodium benzoate, propylene glycol and formic acid along with five whitening agents like kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid, nicotinamide and hydroquinone were quantified. It was interpreted that residues are present in almost all collected PCPs wastewater samples. The concentration of selected preservatives and active whitening agents in wastewater was ranged between 0.91–4.17 and 1.13–15.65 mg/L respectively. The most quantified concentrations were of methylparaben and sodium benzoate among preservative residues. In whitening agents, kojic acid and ascorbic acid were quantified in the highest concentrations.

中文翻译：

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个人护理用品行业废水中防腐剂和活性增白剂残留水平残留的发生，不良后果和不利影响

摘要

通过使用高效液相色谱（HPLC）以及废水的表征，本研究旨在估算个人护理产品（PCPs）废水中防腐剂和活性增白剂的残留量。在水环境中，使用五氯苯酚和含有大量基团的相关化合物（包括母体分子及其各自的代谢物），可以检测到多种污染物。需要对此主题进行深入研究，以获取有关其发生，命运和对健康的不利影响的可靠信息。为此，开发工业废水样品中非常灵敏的测定分析方法不仅需要小时，而且也是一个挑战。液相色谱法是对此类污染物进行分析的一种先进方法。在这个研究中，从位于拉合尔较远地点的工业现场收集了样品，并通过不同的参数进行了表征，以说明废水的质量。已经发现，除某些样品的浊度和总悬浮固体（TSS）外，该值均在国家环境质量标准（NEQS）的范围内。定量了六种防腐剂，包括对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，苯甲酸，水杨酸，苯甲酸钠，丙二醇和甲酸，以及五种增白剂，如曲酸，熊果苷，抗坏血酸，烟酰胺和对苯二酚。据解释，几乎所有收集的五氯苯酚废水样品中都存在残留物。废水中选定的防腐剂和活性增白剂的浓度分别在0.91–4.17和1.13–15.65 mg / L之间。在防腐剂残留物中，最量化的浓度是对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和苯甲酸钠。在增白剂中，曲酸和抗坏血酸的含量最高。