Central (18–28° S) and Southern (33–46° S) Andean Volcanic Zones (CVZ and SVZ, respectively) have several Miocene to Recent collapse calderas. We compare their characteristics based on published data to identify how the tectonic variables have influenced their features. Typical calderas of the CVZ are large, have a masked pre-caldera stage, have multiple collapses and a large lifespan, have emitted high volumes of crystal-rich dacitic to rhyodacitic magma, and show a resurgent stage; other calderas with smaller sizes are crystal-poor, rhyolitic and younger, and they do not display resurgence stages. SVZ calderas are typically smaller than those of the CVZ, with generally a long-lived pre-caldera stage, a single collapse history, a wide spectrum of compositions in the same eruptive cycle and rare resurgence. Resurgence is always related to calderas with major axis > 14 km and to magmas with > 26 vol% of crystals. The observed main differences are highly dependent on tectonic variables, such as slab anchoring in the lower mantle and maturity of the subduction zone. Large calderas are related to thick crust, horizontal extension of the upper crust and zones of heat flow peaks. In the CVZ, calderas are also related with a high magmatic flux at the base of the crust and melted magma bodies within the crust, in addition to crustal weakness zones. The SVZ, with lesser crustal thickness, lacks the presence of large magma bodies and thus, also lacks giant caldera complexes.

中部（18-28°S）和南部（33-46°S）的安第斯火山带（分别为CVZ和SVZ）有几个中新世至最近的塌陷火山口。我们根据已发布的数据比较它们的特征，以识别构造变量如何影响它们的特征。CVZ的典型火山口很大，有一个破火山口前阶段，有多个塌陷和较长的寿命，已经散发出大量的富含晶体的大水生岩到流纹岩浆，并呈现出复苏的阶段。其他尺寸较小的破火山口是晶体贫乏，流纹和较年轻的，并且它们不显示死灰复燃阶段。SVZ破火山口通常比CVZ的破火山口小，通常具有长寿命的破火山口阶段，单一的塌陷历史，在相同的喷发周期中具有广泛的成分分布和罕见的中弹。回潮总是与长轴大于14 km的火山口和大于26 vol％的晶体的岩浆有关。观测到的主要差异在很大程度上取决于构造变量，例如板块锚固在下地幔中以及俯冲带的成熟度。大火山口与厚壳，上壳水平延伸和热流峰值区域有关。在CVZ中，除了地壳薄弱区外，破火山口还与地壳底部的高岩浆通量以及地壳内融化的岩浆体有关。地壳厚度较小的SVZ缺少大型岩浆体，因此也缺少巨型火山口复合体。例如平板锚固在俯冲带的下地幔和成熟度中。大火山口与厚壳，上壳水平延伸和热流峰值区域有关。在CVZ中，除了地壳薄弱区外，破火山口还与地壳底部的高岩浆通量以及地壳内融化的岩浆体有关。地壳厚度较小的SVZ缺少大型岩浆体，因此也缺少巨型火山口复合体。例如平板锚固在俯冲带的下地幔和成熟度中。大火山口与厚壳，上壳水平延伸和热流峰值区域有关。在CVZ中，除了地壳薄弱区外，破火山口还与地壳底部的高岩浆通量以及地壳内融化的岩浆体有关。地壳厚度较小的SVZ缺少大型岩浆体，因此也缺少巨型火山口复合体。