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Mothering, Albinism and Human Rights: The Disproportionate Impact of Health-Related Stigma in Tanzania
Foundations of Science ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s10699-020-09701-0
Sheryl Reimer-Kirkham , Barbara Astle , Ikponwosa Ero , Elvis Imafidon , Emma Strobell

In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, mothers impacted by the genetic condition of albinism, whether as mothers of children with albinism or themselves with albinism, are disproportionately impacted by a constellation of health-related stigma, social determinants of health (SDH), and human rights violations. In a critical ethnographic study in Tanzania, we engaged with the voices of mothers impacted by albinism and key stakeholders to elucidate experiences of stigma. Their narratives revealed internalized subjective stigma, social stigma such as being ostracized by family and community, and structural stigma on account of lack of access to SDH. An analysis of health systems as SDH revealed stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours of healthcare providers, especially at the time of birth; a lack of access to timely quality health services, in particular skin and eye care; and a lack of health-related education about the cause and care of albinism. Gender inequality as another SDH featured prominently as an amplifier of stigma. The findings pose implications for research, policy, and practice. A concrete avenue to de-stigmatization of mothers impacted by albinism exists by the application of principles of human rights, particularly equality and non-discrimination; contextual analysis of cultural dynamics including relevant ontology; meaningful participation of rights-claimants, such as peer groups of mothers; and accountability of governments and their obligation to ensure access to health information as a key social determinant of the right to health.



中文翻译:

母性、白化病和人权:坦桑尼亚与健康相关的污名的不成比例的影响

在撒哈拉以南非洲的许多地区,受白化病遗传状况影响的母亲,无论是白化病儿童的母亲还是自己患有白化病,都受到一系列与健康相关的污名、健康的社会决定因素 (SDH)、和侵犯人权的行为。在坦桑尼亚的一项批判性民族志研究中,我们听取了受白化病影响的母亲和主要利益相关者的声音,以阐明耻辱的经历。他们的叙述揭示了内化的主观污名、社会污名(例如被家庭和社区排斥)以及由于无法获得 SDH 而导致的结构性污名。对作为 SDH 的卫生系统的分析揭示了医疗保健提供者的污名化态度和行为,尤其是在出生时;无法及时获得优质的卫生服务,特别是皮肤和眼部护理;缺乏有关白化病病因和护理的健康教育。作为另一种 SDH 的性别不平等作为污名的放大器具有显着的特征。这些发现对研究、政策和实践产生了影响。应用人权原则,特别是平等和不歧视原则,是消除受白化病影响的母亲污名化的具体途径;文化动态的语境分析,包括相关本体;权利要求者的有意义的参与,例如母亲同龄群体;政府的问责制及其确保获得健康信息的义务,这是健康权的一个关键社会决定因素。作为另一种 SDH 的性别不平等作为污名的放大器具有显着的特征。这些发现对研究、政策和实践产生了影响。应用人权原则,特别是平等和不歧视原则,是消除受白化病影响的母亲污名化的具体途径;文化动态的语境分析,包括相关本体;权利要求者的有意义的参与,例如母亲同龄群体;政府的问责制及其确保获得健康信息的义务,这是健康权的一个关键社会决定因素。作为另一种 SDH 的性别不平等作为污名的放大器具有显着的特征。这些发现对研究、政策和实践产生了影响。应用人权原则,特别是平等和不歧视原则,是消除受白化病影响的母亲污名化的具体途径;文化动态的语境分析,包括相关本体;权利要求者的有意义的参与,例如母亲同龄群体;政府的问责制及其确保获得健康信息的义务,这是健康权的一个关键社会决定因素。特别是平等和不歧视;文化动态的语境分析,包括相关本体;权利要求者的有意义的参与,例如母亲同龄群体;政府的问责制及其确保获得健康信息的义务,这是健康权的一个关键社会决定因素。特别是平等和不歧视;文化动态的语境分析,包括相关本体;权利要求者的有意义的参与,例如母亲同龄群体;政府的问责制及其确保获得健康信息的义务,这是健康权的一个关键社会决定因素。

更新日期:2020-10-08
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