Purpose

Due to the complexity of and variations in additive manufacturing (AM) processes, there is a level of uncertainty that creates critical issues in quality assurance (QA), which must be addressed by time-consuming and cost-intensive tasks. This deteriorates the process repeatability, reliability and part reproducibility. So far, many AM efforts have been performed in an isolated and scattered way over several decades. In this paper, a systematically integrated holistic view is proposed to achieve QA for AM.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematically integrated view is presented to ensure the predefined part properties before/during/after the AM process. It consists of four stages, namely, QA plan, prospective validation, concurrent validation and retrospective validation. As a foundation for QA planning, a functional workflow and the required information flows are proposed by using functional design models: Icam DEFinition for Function Modeling.

Findings

The functional design model of the QA plan provides the systematically integrated view that can be the basis for inspection of AM processes for the repeatability and qualification of AM parts for reproducibility.

Research limitations/implications

A powder bed fusion process was used to validate the feasibility of this QA plan. Feasibility was demonstrated under many assumptions; real validation is not included in this study.

Social implications

This study provides an innovative and transformative methodology that can lead to greater productivity and improved quality of AM parts across industries. Furthermore, the QA guidelines and functional design models provide the foundation for the development of a QA architecture and management system.

Originality/value

This systematically integrated view and the corresponding QA plan can pose fundamental questions to the AM community and initiate new research efforts in the in-situ digital inspection of AM processes and parts.

中文翻译：

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一种用于金属增材制造质量保证的功能建模方法

目的

由于增材制造（AM）过程的复杂性和变化性，存在一定程度的不确定性，从而在质量保证（QA）中产生了关键问题，必须通过耗时且成本高昂的任务来解决。这会降低过程的可重复性，可靠性和零件可重复性。到目前为止，几十年来，许多增材制造工作都是以孤立和分散的方式进行的。本文提出了一种系统集成的整体视图来实现增材制造的质量保证。

设计/方法/方法

呈现了系统集成的视图，以确保在AM过程之前/之中/之后预定义的零件属性。它包括四个阶段，即质量保证计划，前瞻性验证，并发验证和回顾性验证。作为质量检查计划的基础，通过使用功能设计模型：Icam DEFinition for Function Modeling，提出了功能工作流程和所需的信息流。

发现

QA计划的功能设计模型提供了系统集成的视图，可以作为检查AM过程的可重复性和AM零件可重复性验证的基础。

研究局限/意义

粉末床融合工艺用于验证该质量保证计划的可行性。在许多假设下证明了可行性。真正的验证不包括在本研究中。

社会影响

这项研究提供了一种创新和变革性的方法，可以提高整个行业的AM零件的生产率和质量。此外，质量保证指南和功能设计模型为质量保证体系结构和管理系统的开发提供了基础。

创意/价值

这种系统集成的视图和相应的质量保证计划可能会给AM领域提出基本问题，并在AM过程和零件的现场数字检查中启动新的研究工作。