We present the theory of propagation and scattering of strongly refracting microwaves in turbulent inhomogeneous plasmas. We calculate the scattered signal amplitude in the case of a linear scattering regime in the Born approximation and in the case of multiple small-angle scattering. We discuss the possibility of an analytic description of multiple Bragg backscattering in a closed form. Based on the results of a theoretical analysis of microwave scattering regimes in inhomogeneous turbulent plasmas, we discuss the main fluctuation reflectometry schemes that are broadly used in toroidal thermonuclear fusion devices to analyze turbulence characteristics. We describe the methods for interpreting experimental data and the experimental approaches relying on reflectometry diagnostics that enhance the locality of measurements and their resolution with respect to the wave vectors of fluctuations.

我们提出了强折射微波在湍流非均匀等离子体中的传播和散射理论。我们在 Born 近似中的线性散射状态和多个小角度散射的情况下计算散射信号幅度。我们讨论了以封闭形式对多重布拉格后向散射进行分析描述的可能性。基于对非均匀湍流等离子体中微波散射状态的理论分析结果，我们讨论了在环形热核聚变装置中广泛用于分析湍流特性的主要涨落反射计方案。