The long history of innovation in the field of piezoelectric devices has, over the last 65 years, been predominantly rooted in a single material, the Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ ceramic, known as lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Despite enormous resources being dedicated in the last 20 years to identifying lead-free alternatives to PZT and developing a thriving, but limited, market in PbTiO₃-relaxor single crystals, most device developments are still PZT based. However, more recently, solid solutions based on BiFeO₃ have opened up new applications for active piezoelectric devices at high temperatures (to 600 °C) and under high stress (exceeding 250 MPa), with applications in industrial ultrasound, aerospace, automotive, and micro-actuators. This perspective article examines how new materials are expanding the application space for piezoelectric materials.

中文翻译：

---

扩大压电材料的应用空间

在过去的65年中，压电器件领域的悠久创新历史主要植根于一种材料，即称为锆钛酸铅（PZT）的Pb（Zr，Ti）O ₃陶瓷。尽管在过去20年中投入了大量资源来确定PZT的无铅替代品并开发了蓬勃发展但有限的PbTiO ₃弛豫单晶市场，但大多数器件开发仍基于PZT。然而，最近，基于BiFeO _3的固体溶液在高温（至600°C）和高应力（超过250 MPa）的条件下，有源压电器件已经开辟了新的应用领域，并在工业超声，航空航天，汽车和微致动器中得到了应用。该透视文章探讨了新材料如何扩展压电材料的应用空间。