Solenoids are frequently used for focusing low-energy beams. In this paper, we show how they can serve as multipurpose diagnostics tools to measure various beam parameters, including energy, emittance, the second moments of the transverse distribution, and the beam position and angle with respect to the solenoid’s axis. The energy measurement is based on rotation of the plane of the transverse motion, as opposed to generating dispersion with a dipole. Measurement of the beam trajectory with respect to the solenoid axis is done by analyzing the beam orbit downstream of the solenoid while varying its current. The second moments are calculated by analyzing the beam image on a profile monitor while accounting for the beam rotation caused by the solenoid. We describe in detail the corresponding procedures and the experimental results of these measurements.

中文翻译：

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使用螺线管作为测量光束参数的多功能工具

螺线管通常用于聚焦低能光束。在本文中，我们展示了它们如何用作多功能诊断工具，以测量各种光束参数，包括能量，发射率，横向分布的第二矩以及光束相对于螺线管轴线的位置和角度。能量测量基于横向运动平面的旋转，这与产生偶极子的色散相反。相对于螺线管轴线的光束轨迹的测量是通过在改变螺线管电流的同时分析螺线管下游的光束轨道来完成的。通过考虑轮廓螺线管引起的光束旋转，通过在轮廓监视器上分析光束图像来计算第二矩。