The El Cañizar de Villarquemado pollen record covers the last part of MIS 6 to the Late Holocene. We use Tolerance-Weighted Averaging Partial Least Squares (TWA-PLS) to reconstruct mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCO) and growing degree days above 0°C (GDD0) and the ratio of annual precipitation to annual potential evapotranspiration (MI), accounting for the ecophysiological effect of changing CO2 on water-use efficiency. Rapid summer warming occurred during the Zeifen-Kattegat Oscillation at the transition to MIS 5. Summers were cold during MIS 4 and MIS 2, but some intervals of MIS 3 had summers as warm as the warmest phases of MIS 5 or the Holocene. Winter temperatures declined from MIS 4 to MIS 2. Changes in temperature seasonality within MIS 5 and MIS 1 are consistent with insolation seasonality changes. Conditions became progressively more humid during MIS 5, and MIS 4 was also humid, although MIS 3 was more arid. Changes in MI and GDD0 are anti-correlated, with increased MI during summer warming intervals. Comparison with other records shows glacial-interglacial changes were not unform across the circum-Mediterranean region, but available quantitative reconstructions are insufficient to determine if east-west differences reflect the circulation-driven precipitation dipole seen in recent decades.

中文翻译：

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末次间冰期至全新世晚期西班牙内陆半干旱地区的季节温度和湿度变化

El Cañizar de Villarquemado 花粉记录涵盖了 MIS 6 的最后一部分到全新世晚期。我们使用容差加权平均偏最小二乘法 (TWA-PLS) 来重建最冷月的平均温度 (MTCO) 和高于 0°C 的生度日 (GDD)0) 和年降水量与年潜在蒸散量 (MI) 的比值，说明 CO 变化的生态生理效应2关于用水效率。在向 MIS 5 过渡的 Zeifen-Kattegat 振荡期间发生了快速的夏季变暖。在 MIS 4 和 MIS 2 期间夏季很冷，但 MIS 3 的某些间隔的夏季与 MIS 5 或全新世的最暖阶段一样温暖。冬季温度从 MIS 4 下降到 MIS 2。MIS 5 和 MIS 1 内的温度季节性变化与日照季节性变化一致。在 MIS 5 期间条件变得越来越潮湿，MIS 4 也很潮湿，尽管 MIS 3 更加干旱。MI 和 GDD 的变化0是反相关的，在夏季变暖间隔期间 MI 增加。与其他记录的比较表明，整个环地中海地区的冰川间冰期变化并不均匀，但可用的定量重建不足以确定东西方差异是否反映了近几十年来观察到的环流驱动的降水偶极子。