Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence of innovation in smart service systems to conceptualize how actor’s relationships through technology-enabled interactions can give birth to novel technologies, processes, strategies and value. The objectives of the study are: to detect the different enablers that activate innovation in smart service systems; and to explore how these can lead dynamically to the emergence of different innovation patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical research adopts an approach based on constructivist grounded theory, performed through observation and semi-structured interviews to investigate the development of innovation in the Italian CTNA (Italian acronym of National Cluster for Aerospace Technology).

Findings

The identification and re-elaboration of the novelties that emerged from the analysis of the Cluster allow the elaboration of a diagram that classifies five different shades of innovation, introduced through some related theoretical propositions: technological; process; business model and data-driven; social and eco-sustainable; and practice-based.

Originality/value

The paper embraces a synthesis view that detects the enabling structural and systems dimensions for innovation (the “what”) and the way in which these can be combined to create new technologies, resources, values and social rules (the “how” dimension). The classification of five different kinds of innovation can contribute to enrich extant research on value co-creation and innovation and can shed light on how given technologies and relational strategies can produce varied innovation outcomes according to the diverse stakeholders engaged.

中文翻译：

---

智能服务系统中出现的创新阴影各不相同：以意大利航空航天技术集群为例

目的

本文的目的是探讨智能服务系统中创新的出现，以概念化通过技术支持的交互，参与者之间的关系如何产生新技术，流程，策略和价值。该研究的目标是：检测激活智能服务系统创新的不同促成因素；并探索它们如何动态导致不同创新模式的出现。

设计/方法/方法

实证研究采用基于建构主义扎根理论的方法，通过观察和半结构化访谈进行调查，以研究意大利CTNA（意大利航空航天技术国家集群的缩写）的创新发展。

发现

对集群分析得出的新颖性的识别和重新阐述，可以通过一些相关的理论命题来详细说明五种不同的创新阴影。处理; 商业模式和数据驱动；社会和生态可持续发展；和实践为基础。

创意/价值

本文包含一个综合视图，该视图检测了创新的支持性结构和系统维度（“什么”）以及将它们组合在一起以创建新技术，资源，价值和社会规则的方式（“方式”维度）。对五种不同类型的创新进行分类，可以有助于丰富有关价值共创和创新的现有研究，并可以根据参与的不同利益相关者，阐明给定的技术和关系策略如何产生不同的创新成果。