Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the impact of diversity on organizational performance. To address this issue, it is imperative to not only discuss diversity with regard to numerical balance, but also hierarchical composition of groups. We categorized diversity into variety and disparity. Variety refers to the categorical composition of groups and disparity indicates the vertical distribution of power or the power dynamics between groups. Focusing on gender diversity, we conduct empirical research on the impact of diversity on organizational performance. We find that variety as well as disparity, that is, the evenly distributed power between groups, have positive impacts on organizational performance. These results imply that diversity is practically beneficial to organizations with multifaceted characteristics. We suggest that beyond considering the normative view, social movements promoting gender-equal employment in overall levels and managerial positions should emerge and be discussed as a strategy to enhance organizational performance.

先前的研究表明，关于多样性对组织绩效的影响存在不一致的结果。为了解决这个问题，不仅要讨论数字平衡方面的多样性，而且还要讨论组的层次结构。我们将多样性分为多样性和差异。多样性是指群体的类别组成，而差异则表示群体之间的权力垂直分布或权力动态。围绕性别多样性，我们对多样性对组织绩效的影响进行了实证研究。我们发现多样性和差异（即群体之间的平均分配权力）对组织绩效具有积极影响。这些结果表明，多样性对于具有多方面特征的组织实际上是有益的。