This article analyses two cases of populist mobilisation – namely, one against a primary school entry-age reform and another against WHO sexuality education and the concept of gender – that took place in Poland between 2008 and 2019. Both campaigns had a populist character and were oriented towards restoring social justice taken away from ‘the people’ by a morally corrupted ‘elite’. There are differences between the cases that can be analytically delineated by assessing whether a religious mobilisation has an overt or a covert character. While the series of protests against the school-age reform represents a case of mobilisation with covert religious symbolism, the campaigns against sexuality education and the use of the concept of gender are characterised by overt religious populism. To characterise the dynamics of the two campaigns, the study uses the concept of a moral panic, emphasising the importance of moral entrepreneurs waging ideological war against the government and/or liberal experts conceived of as ‘folk devils’.

中文翻译：

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波兰的民粹主义、宗教和天主教公民社会：小学教育案例

本文分析了 2008 年至 2019 年间在波兰发生的两起民粹主义动员案例——一个反对小学入学年龄改革，另一个反对世卫组织性教育和性别概念。这两个运动都具有民粹主义特征，旨在恢复被道德败坏的“精英”从“人民”手中夺走的社会正义。可以通过评估宗教动员是否具有明显或隐蔽的特征来分析描述案例之间的差异。虽然一系列反对学龄改革的抗议活动代表了一个带有隐蔽宗教象征意义的动员案例，但反对性教育和使用性别概念的运动则具有明显的宗教民粹主义特征。为了描述这两个运动的动态，