Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular bilayer membrane nanovesicles that are enriched in a variety of bioactive lipids, receptors, transcription factors, surface proteins, DNA and noncoding RNAs. They have been well-recognised to play essential roles in mediating intercellular signalling by delivering bioactive molecules from host cells to regulate the physiological processes of recipient cells. In the context of heart diseases, accumulating studies have indicated that exosome-carried cellular proteins and noncoding RNA derived from different types of cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, adipocytes and resident stem cells have pivotal roles in cardiac remodelling under disease conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and MI. In addition, exosomal contents derived from stem cells have been shown to be beneficial for regenerative potential of the heart. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of the role of exosomes in cardiac communication, with a focus on cardiovascular pathophysiology and perspectives for their potential uses as cardiac therapies.

中文翻译：

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不同心脏细胞群之间的细胞信号串扰——洞察外泌体在心脏病和治疗中的作用

外泌体是细胞外双层膜纳米囊泡的一个亚群，富含多种生物活性脂质、受体、转录因子、表面蛋白、DNA 和非编码 RNA。众所周知，它们通过从宿主细胞传递生物活性分子来调节受体细胞的生理过程，从而在介导细胞间信号传导中发挥重要作用。在心脏病的背景下，越来越多的研究表明，来自不同类型心脏细胞（包括心肌细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、免疫细胞、脂肪细胞和常驻干细胞）的外泌体携带的细胞蛋白和非编码 RNA 在心脏重塑中具有关键作用在心脏肥大、糖尿病性心肌病和 MI 等疾病情况下。此外，来自干细胞的外泌体内容物已被证明对心脏的再生潜能有益。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论目前对外泌体在心脏通讯中的作用的理解，重点关注心血管病理生理学及其作为心脏治疗的潜在用途的前景。