Background: Air pollution is a global health concern. PM_2.5, a component of ambient air pollution,has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the pollutants that poses the greatest threat to public health.Cardiovascular health effects have been extensively documented and these effects are still researched. Aims: To provide an overview of recent literature regarding air pollution-associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in humans. Additionally, potential mechanisms through which air pollutants affect the cardiovascular system are discussed based on human, and additional animal studies. Methodology: We used the strategy of a narrative review to summarize the scientific literature of studies that were published in the last 7 years. Searches were carried out on PubMed and Web of Science using predefined search queries. Results and discussion: We obtained an initial set of 800 publications that were filtered to 78 publications that were relevant to include in this review. Analysis of the literature showed significant associations between air pollution, especially PM_2.5, and the risk of elevated blood pressure (BP), acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure (HF), respectively. Prominent mechanisms that underlie the adverse effects of air pollution include oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, autonomic imbalance and thrombogenicity. Conclusions: The current review underscores the relevance of air pollution as a global health concern that affects cardiovascular health. More rigorous standardsare needed to reduce the cardiovascular disease burden imposed by air pollution. Continued research on the health impact of air pollution is needed to provide further insight.

中文翻译：

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空气污染对心血管的影响：来自动物和人类研究的最新证据

背景：空气污染是全球健康问题。PM _2.5是环境空气污染的组成部分，世界卫生组织已将其确定为对公共健康构成最大威胁的污染物之一。对心血管健康的影响已得到广泛记录，并且仍在研究这些影响。目的：提供有关与人类空气污染相关的心血管发病率和死亡率的最新文献的概述。此外，在人类和其他动物研究的基础上，讨论了空气污染物影响心血管系统的潜在机制。方法：我们使用叙事评论的策略来总结最近7年发表的研究的科学文献。使用预定义的搜索查询在PubMed和Web of Science上进行搜索。结果和讨论：我们获得了800份出版物的初始集合，这些出版物被筛选为78篇与本次回顾相关的出版物。文献分析表明，空气污染之间存在显着关联，尤其是PM_2.5以及分别患有高血压（BP），急性冠脉综合征，心肌梗塞（MI），心律不齐和心力衰竭（HF）的风险。造成空气污染不利影响的主要机制包括氧化应激，全身性炎症，内皮功能障碍，自主神经失衡和血栓形成。结论：当前的审查强调了空气污染作为影响心血管健康的全球健康问题的相关性。需要更严格的标准来减少空气污染造成的心血管疾病负担。需要继续研究空气污染对健康的影响，以提供进一步的见解。