Few studies were conducted to ascertain poultry litter (PL) and its residual influence on soil physical and hydrological properties. A field study was conducted on a sandy loam soil for 8 yr in corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations at Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station in Verona, MS. Poultry litter treatment was applied to the three crops at an average of 7.6 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1 in the first 5 yr. The inorganic fertilizer treatment was 224 and 100 kg ha^–1 yr^–1 for corn and cotton. Inorganic P and K fertilizers applied were based on soil analysis, but no synthetic N was applied to soybean. Soil properties and yields were measured in the first year (2015) and third years (2017) after stopping PL application and planting all plots with soybean. Applying PL for 5 yr significantly improved soil aggregate stability by 17%. Infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity was two to three times greater in soil amended with PL than with inorganic fertilizer. Poultry litter addition significantly increased field capacity and plant available water content by 20%. Those soil properties were not affected by the rotation treatments. Total soil C did not differ between PL and fertilizer treatment. Soybean yield was continuously increased by 8% in 2015 and 11% in 2017 after stopping PL application. Poultry litter application is capable of improving soil physical and hydrological properties, and its residual could sustain soybean yield for 3 yr after stopping applications.

中文翻译：

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土壤物理和水文特性受应用于棉花-玉米-大豆轮作系统的家禽垫料五年历史的影响

很少有研究确定家禽垫料 (PL) 及其对土壤物理和水文特性的残留影响。在密西西比州农业和林业试验站对玉米 ( Zea mays L.)、棉花 ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) 和大豆 [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 轮作的沙壤土进行了 8 年的田间研究在维罗纳，MS。在前 5 年对三种作物进行了家禽垫料处理，平均为 7.6 Mg ha ^–1 yr ^–1。无机肥处理为 224 和 100 kg ha ^–1 yr ^–1用于玉米和棉花。无机磷和钾肥的施用基于土壤分析，但大豆未施用合成氮。在停止施用 PL 并在所有地块种植大豆后的第一年（2015 年）和第三年（2017 年）测量土壤特性和产量。施用 PL 5 年显着提高了 17% 的土壤团聚体稳定性。PL 改良的土壤的入渗率和饱和导水率是无机肥料的 2 到 3 倍。添加家禽垫料显着增加了田间容量和植物有效水含量 20%。这些土壤性质不受轮作处理的影响。PL 和施肥处理之间的土壤总碳没有差异。停止施用PL后，大豆产量在2015年和2017年连续增加了8%和11%。