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Continuous in situ soil nitrate sensors: The importance of high-resolution measurements across time and a comparison with salt extraction-based methods
Soil Science Society of America Journal ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-29 , DOI: 10.1002/saj2.20226
Yunjiao Zhu 1 , Yuncong Chen 2 , Azahar Ali 2 , Liang Dong 2 , Xinran Wang 2 , Sotirios V. Archontoulis 1 , James C. Schnable 3 , Michael J. Castellano 1
Affiliation  

Soil NO3 affects microbial processes, plant productivity, and environmental N losses. However, the ability to measure soil NO3 is limited by labor-intensive sampling and laboratory analyses. Hence, temporal variation in soil solution NO3 concentration is poorly understood. We evaluated a new potentiometric sensor that continuously measures soil solution NO3 concentration with unprecedented specificity due to a novel membrane that serves as a barrier to interfering anions. First, we compared sensor and salt extraction-based measurements of soil NO3 in well-controlled laboratory conditions. Second, using 60 d of in situ soil NO3 measurements every 10 s, we quantified temporal variation and the effect of sampling frequency on field estimations of mean daily NO3 concentration both within and across days. In the laboratory, sensors measured soil NO3 concentration without significant difference from theoretical adjusted soil NO3 concentration or conventional salt extraction-based methods. In the field, the sensors demonstrated no within-day pattern in soil NO3 concentration, although individual measurements within a day differed by as much as 20% from the daily mean. Across days, when soil solution NO3 was dynamic (early spring) and sampling frequency was >5 d, estimates of mean daily NO3 concentration were >20% from the actual mean daily concentration. In situ soil sensors offer potential to improve fundamental and applied sciences. However, in most situations, sensors will measure soil properties in a different manner than conventional salt-extract soil sampling-based approaches. Research will be required to interpret sensor measurements and optimize sensor deployment.

中文翻译:

连续原位土壤硝酸盐传感器:跨时间高分辨率测量的重要性以及与基于盐提取的方法的比较

土壤 NO 3 影响微生物过程、植物生产力和环境氮损失。然而,能够将测量土壤NO 3 -是通过劳动密集型采样和实验室分析的限制。因此,对土壤溶液 NO 3 -浓度的时间变化知之甚少。我们评估了一种新型电位传感器,该传感器连续测量土壤溶液 NO 3 -浓度,由于一种新型膜可作为干扰阴离子的屏障,因此具有前所未有的特异性。首先,我们比较了NO土壤的基于提取传感器和盐测量3 -在良好控制的实验室条件下。二、原位土壤NO 3使用60 d每 10 秒测量一次,我们量化了时间变化和采样频率对现场估计的平均每日 NO 3 日内和日间浓度的影响。在实验室中,传感器测量的土壤 NO 3 -浓度与理论调整的土壤 NO 3 -浓度或基于传统盐提取的方法没有显着差异。在该领域中,传感器没有表现出日内图案在土壤中NO 3 -的浓度,虽然从每日平均多达20%差异在一天之内各个测量。几天后,当土壤溶液 NO 3 是动态的(早春),采样频率 > 5 天,平均每日 NO 3 -浓度的估计值与实际平均每日浓度相比 > 20%。原位土壤传感器为改进基础科学和应用科学提供了潜力。然而,在大多数情况下,传感器将以不同于传统盐提取土壤采样方法的方式测量土壤特性。需要研究来解释传感器测量值并优化传感器部署。
更新日期:2021-01-29
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