Copper slag, generated mainly during copper smelting, and classified as a potentially harmful waste, is an important secondary resource containing not only valuable metals, such as Cu, Fe, Zn, Co and Ni, in abundant quantities, but also hazardous elements, such as Pb and As. Hence, in response of its potential economic performances and environmental benefits, copper slag needs to be subjected to further metallurgical recycling and cleaning instead of being dumped or abandoned without treatment. Here, a critical review of the generation mechanism, and chemical and physical characteristics of copper slag is provided. Details of the mainstream and recently developed routes for metallurgical recycling and further cleaning of copper slag are also summarised, such as flotation, leaching, and reduction roasting followed by magnetic separation, smelting reduction, and molten modification followed by physical separation. The technical challenges and developmental bottlenecks of the metallurgical processes are pointed out, which indicate that the improved processes characterised by high recycling efficiency, low energy consumption, and low secondary environmental pollution continue to be the focus of research and development in sustainable waste utilization of copper slag.

铜渣主要是在冶炼过程中产生的，被分类为潜在有害废物，是一种重要的二次资源，不仅含有大量的有价值的金属，例如Cu，Fe，Zn，Co和Ni，而且还含有有害元素，例如铅和砷 因此，为了响应其潜在的经济表现和环境效益，需要对铜渣进行进一步的冶金回收和清洁，而不是未经处理就将其丢弃或丢弃。在此，对铜渣的产生机理以及化学和物理特性进行了严格的审查。还总结了主流和最近开发的冶金回收和进一步清除铜渣的路线的详细信息，例如浮选，浸出和还原焙烧，然后进行磁选，熔融还原，熔融改性后进行物理分离。指出了冶金工艺的技术挑战和发展瓶颈，这表明以循环利用效率高，能耗低，二次环境污染少为特征的改进工艺仍是铜可持续利用中的研究重点。矿渣。