Through the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions (CSK) program during 1965–1979, the capacities of current member states (MSs) of the Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) were enhanced with regard to regional ocean science and data management. Following the termination of the CSK in 1979, each MS continued the work to advance ocean science. The results of scientific studies of the Kuroshio and its adjacent regions have been published by various experts including many from the MSs of the WESTPAC; however, to-date, there has been no systematic approach to the research of the Kuroshio and its adjacent regions.

This review considered the Kuroshio from the regional perspective of experts of the MSs, that is, from the perspectives of MSs, science, and the future prospects. Experts from each MS reviewed past activities and contributions and reviewed the knowledge gaps in the fields of physical, biological, and biogeochemical science. Many scientific questions remain regarding the path of the Kuroshio from south to north, as well as associated phenomena, including mesoscale eddies and fronts, the important roles of ocean variations in adjacent regions, and the different roles and mechanisms of air–sea interactions in low- and mid-latitude areas. Despite considerable effort by many biologists, substantial gaps remain in our biological knowledge of the region. The Kuroshio and its adjacent regions comprise one of the areas of the world with high biodiversity; however, there has been insufficient research into what is the cause of this high biodiversity. From a biogeochemical aspect, high-resolution spatiotemporal observations will be required to understand interactions with physical processes both in the Kuroshio region and in the marginal seas. It has been highlighted that long-term fixed-location observations will be needed to understand the key mechanisms of biogeochemical processes, particularly in relation to climate change.

Finally, the report summarized the future perspectives. Based on recognition of the current circumstances and with acknowledgment of the potential short-term future capabilities of MSs, the possible uses of new technologies and frameworks were discussed. Since the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which came into force in 1994, it has been difficult to conduct observations in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of other regional states. Thus, new frameworks and/or technologies will be needed to ensure the success of future studies of the Kuroshio.

通过1965-1979年黑潮与邻近地区（CSK）合作研究计划，政府间海洋学委员会（IOC）西太平洋小组委员会（WESTPAC）当前成员国（MS）的能力得到了增强关于区域海洋科学和数据管理。1979年CSK终止后，每个MS都继续推进海洋科学的工作。黑潮及其邻近地区的科学研究结果已经被包括WESTPAC的MS在内的许多专家发表。然而，迄今为止，还没有系统的方法来研究黑潮及其邻近地区。

本文从多学科专家的区域视角，即多学科专家，科学和未来前景的角度，对黑潮进行了考察。每个MS的专家都回顾了过去的活动和贡献，并回顾了物理，生物和生物地球化学领域的知识差距。关于黑潮从南到北的路径以及相关现象仍然存在许多科学问题，包括中尺度涡旋和锋面，邻近地区海洋变化的重要作用以及低空海空相互作用的不同作用和机制。 -中纬度地区。尽管许多生物学家付出了巨大的努力，但我们在该地区的生物学知识仍存在巨大差距。黑潮及其邻近地区是世界上生物多样性丰富的地区之一。但是，对于这种高生物多样性的原因尚未进行足够的研究。从生物地球化学的角度来看，将需要高分辨率的时空观测资料，以了解黑潮地区和边缘海与物理过程的相互作用。已经强调，需要长期的固定位置观测，以了解生物地球化学过程的关键机制，特别是与气候变化有关的机制。

最后，报告总结了未来的前景。基于对当前情况的认识以及对MS潜在的短期未来能力的认识，讨论了新技术和框架的可能用途。自1994年生效的《联合国海洋法公约》实施以来，很难在其他区域国家的专属经济区（EEZ）进行观测。因此，将需要新的框架和/或技术来确保黑潮未来研究的成功。