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Remaining useful life prediction of PEMFC systems under dynamic operating conditions
Energy Conversion and Management ( IF 10.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.113825
Zhiguang Hua , Zhixue Zheng , Elodie Pahon , Marie-Cécile Péra , Fei Gao

The Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) has been developed for more than two decades. It is capable to anticipate the impending failures and make decisions in advance to extend the lifespan of the target systems, such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems. Prognostic is a critical stage of PHM. Among various prognostic methods, the data-driven ones could predict the system lifespan based on the device’s knowledge and historical data. In the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction, the Health Indicators (HIs) should be able to reflect the health states of the PEMFC stack. Moreover, an effective HI could help to define an explicit degradation state and improve the prediction accuracy. The HIs of voltage and power are usually used under static conditions due to their monotonic decreasing characteristics. Besides, the measurements of voltage and current are implemented easily in practice. Nevertheless, the static HIs are unable to be directly used under the dynamic operating conditions because they are sensitive to the mission profiles. To overcome the weakness of static HIs, a convenient and practical HI named Relative Power-loss Rate (RPLR) is proposed herein. According to the polarization curve at the beginning of life, the initial power under different mission profiles can be identified. Then the actual power is obtained by monitoring the current and voltage continuously. Finally, the RPLR is calculated based on the initial power and actual power. Afterward, the RUL of PEMFC is predicted by some Artificial Intelligence (AI) prognostic algorithms. Among the various data-driven prognostic approaches, Echo State Network (ESN) has provided an efficient and promising solution for the RUL prediction of PEMFC systems. Compared with classical Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), it could accelerate the convergence rate and reduce the computational complexity. Nevertheless, the traditionally used single-input ESN structure is feeble to handle the varying mission profiles. As a scheduling variable, the current is an interesting parameter since it represents the working properties to some extent. Considering the system’s dynamic characteristics, the stack current is regarded as another input of ESN, and the output matrix’s dimension is increased at the same time. Therefore, a double-input ESN structure is proposed to enhance the prediction performance. Based on the dynamic HI of RPLR, three dynamic micro-cogeneration (μ-CHP) durability tests of PEMFC systems are used to verify the improved ESN prediction structure.



中文翻译:

动态运行条件下PEMFC系统的剩余使用寿命预测

预后和健康管理(PHM)已经开发了二十多年。它能够预见即将发生的故障并提前做出决定,以延长目标系统的寿命,例如质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)系统。预后是PHM的关键阶段。在各种预后方法中,数据驱动的方法可以根据设备的知识和历史数据来预测系统寿命。在“剩余使用寿命”(RUL)预测中,“健康指标”(HI)应该能够反映PEMFC堆栈的健康状态。此外,有效的HI可以帮助定义明确的降级状态并提高预测精度。由于它们的单调递减特性,电压和功率的HI通常在静态条件下使用。除了,电压和电流的测量在实践中很容易实现。但是,静态HI无法在动态运行条件下直接使用,因为它们对任务配置文件很敏感。为了克服静态HI的缺点,本文提出了方便实用的HI,称为相对功率损耗率(RPLR)。根据生命初期的极化曲线,可以确定不同任务曲线下的初始功率。然后,通过连续监视电流和电压来获得实际功率。最后,根据初始功率和实际功率计算RPLR。之后,通过一些人工智能(AI)预后算法预测PEMFC的RUL。在各种以数据为依据的预测方法中,回声状态网络(ESN)为PEMFC系统的RUL预测提供了有效且有希望的解决方案。与经典递归神经网络(RNN)相比,它可以加快收敛速度​​并降低计算复杂度。尽管如此,传统上使用的单输入ESN结构在处理各种任务配置文件方面微不足道。作为调度变量,电流是一个有趣的参数,因为它在某种程度上表示工作特性。考虑到系统的动态特性,将堆电流视为ESN的另一输入,同时增加输出矩阵的尺寸。因此,提出了一种双输入ESN结构以增强预测性能。基于RPLR的动态HI,三个动态微热电联产(与经典递归神经网络(RNN)相比,它可以加快收敛速度​​并降低计算复杂度。尽管如此,传统上使用的单输入ESN结构在处理各种任务配置文件方面微不足道。作为调度变量,电流是一个有趣的参数,因为它在某种程度上表示工作特性。考虑到系统的动态特性,将堆电流视为ESN的另一输入,同时增加输出矩阵的尺寸。因此,提出了一种双输入ESN结构以增强预测性能。基于RPLR的动态HI,三个动态微热电联产(与经典递归神经网络(RNN)相比,它可以加快收敛速度​​并降低计算复杂度。尽管如此,传统上使用的单输入ESN结构在处理各种任务配置文件方面微不足道。作为调度变量,电流是一个有趣的参数,因为它在某种程度上表示工作特性。考虑到系统的动态特性,将堆电流视为ESN的另一输入,同时增加输出矩阵的尺寸。因此,提出了一种双输入ESN结构以增强预测性能。基于RPLR的动态HI,三个动态微热电联产(传统上使用的单输入ESN结构难以处理各种任务配置文件。作为调度变量,电流是一个有趣的参数,因为它在某种程度上表示工作特性。考虑到系统的动态特性,将堆电流视为ESN的另一输入,同时增加输出矩阵的尺寸。因此,提出了一种双输入ESN结构以增强预测性能。基于RPLR的动态HI,三个动态微热电联产(传统上使用的单输入ESN结构难以处理各种任务配置文件。作为调度变量,电流是一个有趣的参数,因为它在某种程度上表示工作特性。考虑到系统的动态特性,将堆电流视为ESN的另一输入,同时增加输出矩阵的尺寸。因此,提出了一种双输入ESN结构以增强预测性能。基于RPLR的动态HI,三个动态微热电联产(并且输出矩阵的维数同时增加。因此,提出了一种双输入ESN结构以增强预测性能。基于RPLR的动态HI,三个动态微热电联产(并且输出矩阵的维数同时增加。因此,提出了一种双输入ESN结构以增强预测性能。基于RPLR的动态HI,三个动态微热电联产(PEMFC系统的μ- CHP耐久性测试用于验证改进的ESN预测结构。

更新日期:2021-01-29
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