Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in New York State declined significantly between 2005 and 2016. Fewer hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), and respiratory infections (RI) were also observed. However, increased per unit mass toxicity of the remaining PM_2.5 was observed. In this study, the changes in hospitalizations and ED visits have been assessed by comparing the PM_2.5 and source specific PM_2.5 excess risk (ER) relationships between 2005-2007 and 2014–2016 yielded reductions of ~27,000, 2600, and 4251 hospitalizations per year for CVD, RD, and RI, and charge savings of ~613, 41, and 41 million dollars, respectively. However, period specific ER values estimated lower health and cost benefits. For some diseases, hospitalizations increased with increased healthcare costs. Using the whole-period source-specific PM_2.5 ER values, the number of hospitalizations decreased by ~13,500 and ~19,000 for CVD and RD but increased by ~800 for RI. Larger period specific ER values for RD shifted from net decreases to net increases in ED visits. Costs followed the numbers of hospitalizations and ED visits and produced increased charges of ~$284 million. County average costs for disease specific hospitalizations and ED visits were used with county specific ER values to estimate those costs. There were increased ED visit costs for some health outcomes. Thus, further action is required to address changes in composition as well as further reductions in concentrations will be needed to address changes in composition and to provide additional public health gains.

在2005年至2016年之间，纽约州的细颗粒物（PM _2.5）显着下降。还观察到更少的心血管疾病（CVD），呼吸系统疾病（RD）和呼吸道感染（RI）住院和急诊就诊。但是，观察到剩余PM _2.5的单位质量毒性增加。在这项研究中，住院和急诊就医的变化进行了评估通过比较PM _2.5和源特定PM _2.5在2005-2007年与2014-2016年之间的超额风险（ER）关系使CVD，RD和RI的住院年数每年减少了约27,000、2600和4251，减少了约613、41和4,100万美元的费用节省。但是，特定时期的ER值估计会降低健康和成本效益。对于某些疾病，住院人数随着医疗费用的增加而增加。使用整个周期特定于源的PM _2.5ER值使CVD和RD的住院数减少了约13,500和约19,000，而RI的住院数增加了约800。RD的较大时期特定ER值从ED访视中的净减少转变为净增加。费用随着住院和急诊就诊的次数而增加，费用增加了约2.84亿美元。将县用于疾病特定住院和ED访视的平均费用与县特定ER值一起用于估算这些费用。某些健康结局增加了急诊就诊成本。因此，需要采取进一步的行动来解决组成的变化，并且需要进一步降低浓度以解决组成的变化并提供额外的公共卫生收益。