The effects of biochar application on soil microbial communities and functional characteristics and their correlations with soil fertility properties were explored in a double rice cropping system three to four years after a single biochar amendment. Three treatments including a control, a low (24 t ha⁻¹), and a high (48 t ha⁻¹) application rate of straw-derived biochar were constructed. Biochar amendment significantly increased the abundance of bacteria and fungi by up to 102 % and 178 %, respectively, which might be probably caused by the increases in soil total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen, and rice biomass as compared with the control. However, the abundance of archaea was only slightly elevated after biochar amendments. Bacteria/fungi ratios were significantly decreased by up to 61.4 % in the biochar treatments, probably because fungi were the dominant decomposers of increased recalcitrant carbon from biochar and rice biomass. Biochar stimulated the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, which favours soil organic carbon accumulation. Biochar increased the relative abundances of Mortierella and Westerdykella, which are more beneficial to plant growth and TOC degradation. Furthermore, potential phytopathogens of Athelia and Penicillium were decreased with biochar amendment. The results demonstrate that biochar application should be sustained as an effective measure for improving the microbial characteristics of paddy field by ameliorating its soil properties.

在单一生物炭改良后三到四年，在双水稻种植系统中探索了生物炭施用对土壤微生物群落和功能特性的影响及其与土壤肥力特性的关系。三种处理，包括对照，低（24 t ha ^-1）和高（48 t ha ^-1））构建了秸秆生物炭的施用率。生物炭改良剂显着提高了细菌和真菌的丰度，分别高达102％和178％，这可能是由于土壤总有机碳（TOC），总氮和水稻生物量与对照组相比的增加所致。然而，生物炭改良后，古细菌的丰度仅略微升高。在生物炭处理中，细菌/真菌比率显着降低了高达61.4％，这可能是因为真菌是生物炭和水稻生物量中顽固碳增加的主要分解剂。生物炭刺激了酸性细菌的相对丰度，这有利于土壤有机碳的积累。Biochar增加了Mortierella和Westerdykella的相对丰度，更有利于植物生长和TOC降解。此外，随着生物炭的改良，潜在的雅典娜和青霉菌的植物病原体也减少了。结果表明，应持续施用生物炭，作为改善稻田土壤特性改善稻田微生物特性的有效措施。