Security in Internet of Things (IoT) remains a significant concern within academia and industry. With the great potential of IoT data, the traditional centralized architecture of IoT system is limited and cannot afford security solutions. In this paper, to address the issue of IoT data security, we propose a blockchain-based data acquisition and processing architecture. The proposed architecture ensures IoT data security through data consistency. It supports distributed IoT nodes to negotiate consensus on the processed data, and decides to write the consensus data to blockchain ledger. Since distributed nodes are non-peer and have different voting weights in the proposed architecture, traditional consensus algorithms are not applicable. Therefore, we design a novel consensus algorithm for data consistency between non-peer nodes: Byzantine Fault-Tolerant consensus algorithm based on Dynamic Permission Adjustment (DPA-PBFT) algorithm. The DPA-PBFT algorithm works in the consensus domain of different weight nodes with the ability of self-optimize. It improves consensus efficiency and reduces communication overhead for data consistency. Finally, we conduct numerous experiments to evaluate the performance improvement of the DPA-PBFT algorithm under the proposed distributed architecture.

物联网（IoT）的安全性仍然是学术界和行业中的重要关注点。物联网数据潜力巨大，传统的物联网系统集中式架构受到限制，无法负担安全解决方案。在本文中，为了解决IoT数据安全性问题，我们提出了一种基于区块链的数据采集和处理架构。拟议的架构通过数据一致性确保物联网数据安全。它支持分布式IoT节点以协商已处理数据的共识，并决定将共识数据写入区块链分类账。由于在所提出的架构中分布式节点是非对等的并且具有不同的投票权重，因此传统的共识算法不适用。因此，我们为非对等节点之间的数据一致性设计了一种新颖的共识算法：基于动态权限调整（DPA-PBFT）算法的拜占庭容错共识算法。DPA-PBFT算法可在具有自优化能力的不同权重节点的共识域中工作。它提高了共识效率，并减少了数据一致性的通信开销。最后，我们进行了许多实验，以评估在所提出的分布式体系结构下DPA-PBFT算法的性能改进。