The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) is increasing with the increase in aging population. Accordingly, interest and frequency of radiation therapy (RT) are also increasing. The types of RT may be broadly divided into external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy (BT), and combination therapy (EBRT + BT). The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after RT for the treatment of PCa is common; however, there are few reviews on the relationship between RT and LUTS. Here, we review the causes and incidence of LUTS, as well as the evaluation and treatment options. Because of the reported risks of RT, patients undergoing RT should be counseled regarding the treatment challenges and informed that they may have higher failure rates than nonirradiated patients. Moreover, thorough evaluation and treatment strategies are needed to support treatment recommendations. With review of existing literature, this narrative article provides an overview to aid the urologist in treating patients presenting with complications associated with radiation cystitis. Further research is required to provide evidence of the effectiveness and feasibility of the management approach to the care of patients with LUTS after RT for the treatment of PCa.

中文翻译：

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放射疗法治疗的前列腺癌患者的下尿路症状：过去和现在。

前列腺癌（PCa）的发病率随着人口老龄化的增加而增加。因此，放射治疗（RT）的兴趣和频率也在增加。RT的类型大致可分为外部束放射治疗（EBRT），近距离放射治疗（BT）和联合治疗（EBRT + BT）。RT治疗PCa后下尿路症状（LUTS）的患病率很普遍。但是，关于RT和LUTS之间关系的评论很少。在这里，我们回顾了LUTS的原因和发生率，以及评估和治疗方案。由于有报道存在放疗的风险，因此应咨询接受放疗的患者有关治疗挑战的信息，并告知他们可能比未接受辐照的患者有更高的失败率。此外，需要全面的评估和治疗策略来支持治疗建议。回顾现有文献后，本文将对泌尿科医师进行概述，以帮助泌尿科医师治疗伴有放射性膀胱炎相关并发症的患者。需要进一步的研究以提供证据，证明在RT后治疗PCa的LUTS病人的管理方法的有效性和可行性。