Mounting evidence has emphasized the potential of cell therapies in treating various diseases by restoring damaged tissues or replacing defective cells in the body. Cell therapies have become a strong therapeutic modality by applying noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging for examining complex cellular processes, understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, and evaluating the kinetics/dynamics of cell therapies. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in recent years as drug carriers for cancer treatment. They can also be labeled with different probes and tracked in vivo to assess the in vivo effect of administered cells, and to optimize therapy. The exact role of MSCs in oncologic diseases is not clear as MSCs have been shown to be involved in tumor progression and inhibition, and the exact interactions between MSCs and specific cancer microenvironments are not clear. In this review, a multitude of labeling approaches, imaging modalities, and the merits/demerits of each strategy are outlined. In addition, specific examples of the use of MSCs and in vivo imaging in cancer therapy are provided. Finally, present limitations and future outlooks in terms of the translation of different imaging approaches in clinics are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

使用分子成像技术进行的非侵入性体内细胞追踪：开发基于间充质干细胞的癌症治疗的有用工具。

越来越多的证据强调，通过修复受损的组织或替换体内的缺陷细胞，细胞疗法可用于治疗各种疾病。通过将无创体内分子成像技术应用于检查复杂的细胞过程，了解疾病的病理生理机制以及评估细胞疗法的动力学/动力学，细胞疗法已成为一种强大的治疗手段。特别地，间充质干细胞（MSC）近年来已显示出作为癌症治疗药物载体的希望。它们也可以用不同的探针标记并在体内进行追踪以评估体内给药细胞的效果，并优化治疗。MSC在肿瘤疾病中的确切作用尚不清楚，因为已证明MSC与肿瘤的进展和抑制有关，并且MSC与特定癌症微环境之间的确切相互作用尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，概述了各种标记方法，成像方式以及每种策略的优缺点。另外，提供了在癌症治疗中使用MSC和体内成像的具体实例。最后，讨论了在临床中不同成像方法的翻译方面的当前局限性和未来前景。