J-GEM optical and near-infrared follow-up of gravitational wave events during LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run,Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

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J-GEM optical and near-infrared follow-up of gravitational wave events during LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2021-01-14 , DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptab007
Mahito Sasada _{1,

2} , Yousuke Utsumi ₃ , Ryosuke Itoh ₄ , Nozomu Tominaga _{5,

6} , Masaomi Tanaka ₇ , Tomoki Morokuma ₈ , Kenshi Yanagisawa _{1,

9} , Koji S Kawabata ₁ , Takayuki Ohgami ₅ , Michitoshi Yoshida ₁₀ , Fumio Abe ₁₁ , Ryo Adachi ₁₂ , Hiroshi Akitaya ₁ , Yang Chong ₁₃ , Kazuki Daikuhara _{7,

14} , Ryo Hamasaki ₅ , Satoshi Honda ₁₅ , Ryohei Hosokawa ₁₂ , Kota Iida ₁₂ , Fumiya Imazato ₁₃ , Chihiro Ishioka ₁₆ , Takumi Iwasaki ₅ , Mingjie Jian ₁₇ , Yuhei Kamei ₁₁ , Takahiro Kanai ₁₄ , Hidehiro Kaneda ₁₈ , Ayane Kaneko _{5,

13} , Noriyuki Katoh ₁₅ , Nobuyuki Kawai ₁₂ , Keiichiro Kubota _{14,

19} , Yuma Kubota ₁₆ , Hideo Mamiya ₁₂ , Kazuya Matsubayashi ₂₀ , Kumiko Morihana _{18,

21} , Katsuhiro L Murata ₁₂ , Takahiro Nagayama ₂₂ , Noriatsu Nakamura ₁₂ , Tatsuya Nakaoka ₁ , Yuu Niino _{8,

23} , Yuki Nishinaka ₁₃ , Masafumi Niwano ₁₂ , Daisaku Nogami ₁₉ , Yumiko Oasa _{16,

24} , Miki Oeda ₁₂ , Futa Ogawa ₁₂ , Ryou Ohsawa ₈ , Kouji Ohta ₁₉ , Kohei Oide ₁₆ , Hiroki Onozato ₁₅ , Shigeyuki Sako ₈ , Tomoki Saito ₁₅ , Yuichiro Sekiguchi ₁₄ , Toshikazu Shigeyama ₂₃ , Takumi Shigeyoshi ₁₆ , Minori Shikauchi _{23,

25} , Kazuki Shiraishi ₁₂ , Daisuke Suzuki ₂₆ , Kengo Takagi ₁₃ , Jun Takahashi ₁₅ , Takuya Takarada _{24,

27} , Masaki Takayama ₁₅ , Himeka Takeuchi ₂₄ , Yasuki Tamura ₁₆ , Ryoya Tanaka ₁₄ , Sayaka Toma ₁₂ , Miyako Tozuka ₁₅ , Nagomi Uchida ₁₃ , Yoshinori Uzawa ₁₆ , Masayuki Yamanaka ₂₀ , Moeno Yasuda ₁₄ , Yoichi Yatsu ₁₂

Affiliation

Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate 023-0861, Japan
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Bisei Astronomical Observatory, 1723-70 Ookura, Bisei-cho, Ibara, Okayama 714-1411, Japan
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Institute of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720,USA
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
Nishi-harima Astronomical Observatory, Center for Astronomy, University of Hyogo, 407-2 Nishi-gaichi, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5313, Japan
Faculty of Education, Saitama University, Simo-okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Okayama Observatory, Kyoto University, 3037-5 Honjo, Kamogata-cho, Asakuchi, Okayama 719-0232, Japan
Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
Research Center for the Early Universe, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Simo-okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Department of Physics, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
Astrobiology Center, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration (LVC) sent out 56 gravitational-wave (GW) notices during the third observing run (O3). The Japanese Collaboration for Gravitational wave ElectroMagnetic follow-up (J-GEM) performed optical and near-infrared observations to identify and observe an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. We constructed a web-based system that enabled us to obtain and share information on candidate host galaxies for the counterpart, and the status of our observations. Candidate host galaxies were selected from the GLADE catalog with a weight based on the 3D GW localization map provided by LVC. We conducted galaxy-targeted and wide-field blind surveys, real-time data analysis, and visual inspection of observed galaxies. We performed galaxy-targeted follow-ups to 23 GW events during O3, and the maximum probability covered by our observations reached 9.8$\%$. Among these, we successfully started observations for 10 GW events within 0.5 days after the detection. This result demonstrates that our follow-up observation has the potential to constrain EM radiation models for a merger of binary neutron stars at a distance of up to $\sim$100 Mpc with a probability area of $\leq$ 500 deg$^2$.

中文翻译：

LIGO 和 Virgo 第三次观测运行期间引力波事件的 J-GEM 光学和近红外跟踪

激光干涉仪引力波天文台科学协作和处女座协作（LVC）在第三次观测运行（O3）期间发出了 56 个引力波（GW）通知。日本引力波电磁跟踪合作组织 (J-GEM) 进行了光学和近红外观测，以识别和观察电磁 (EM) 对应物。我们构建了一个基于网络的系统，使我们能够获取和共享有关候选宿主星系的信息，以及我们的观测状态。候选宿主星系是从 GLADE 目录中选择的，权重基于 LVC 提供的 3D GW 定位图。我们进行了以星系为目标的广域盲测、实时数据分析以及对观测星系的目视检查。我们在 O3 期间对 23 GW 事件进行了针对星系的跟踪，我们的观测覆盖的最大概率达到了 9.8$\%$。其中，我们在检测后0.5天内成功开始了10 GW事件的观测。这一结果表明，我们的后续观察有可能限制 EM 辐射模型，以用于在距离高达 $\sim$100 Mpc 且概率区域为 $\leq$ 500 deg$^2$ 的双中子星合并.

更新日期：2021-01-14

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