One of the common conceptions of nature, typically derived from the experiences with classical systems, is that attributes of the matter coexist with the substance. In the quantum regime, however, the quantum particle itself and its physical property may be in spatial separation, known as the quantum Cheshire cat effect. While there have been several reports to date on the observation of the quantum Cheshire cat effect, all such experiments are based on first-order interferometry and destructive projection measurement, thus allowing simple interpretation due to measurement-induced disturbance and also subject to trivial interpretation based on classical waves. In this work, we report an experimental observation of the quantum Cheshire cat effect with noninvasive weak quantum measurement as originally proposed. The use of the weak-measurement probe has allowed us to identify the location of the single photon and that of the disembodied polarization state in a quantum interferometer. The weak-measurement probe based on two-photon interference makes our observation unable to be explained by classical physics. We furthermore elucidate the quantum Cheshire cat effect as quantum interference of the transition amplitudes for the photon and the polarization state which are directly obtained from the measurement outcomes or the weak values. Our work not only reveals the true quantum nature of Cheshire cat effect but also sheds light on a comprehensive understanding for the counter-intuitive quantum phenomena.

通常从经典系统的经验中得出的自然界的常见概念之一是，物质的属性与物质共存。但是，在量子状态下，量子粒子本身及其物理特性可能处于空间分离状态，这称为量子柴郡猫效应。迄今为止，已经有几篇关于量子柴郡猫效应观测的报告，但是所有这些实验都是基于一阶干涉测量法和破坏性投影测量，因此，由于测量引起的干扰，因此可以进行简单的解释，并且还可以进行基于琐碎的解释。在古典波浪上。在这项工作中，我们报告了采用最初提出的无创性弱量子测量进行的量子柴郡猫效应的实验观察。弱测量探针的使用使我们能够在量子干涉仪中识别单光子的位置以及未体现的极化状态。基于双光子干涉的弱测量探头使我们的观测无法用经典物理学来解释。此外，我们将量子柴郡效应解释为光子和极化态跃迁幅度的量子干扰，这些跃迁幅度是直接从测量结果或弱值获得的。我们的工作不仅揭示了柴郡猫效应的真实量子性质，而且为反直觉量子现象的全面理解提供了启示。基于双光子干涉的弱测量探头使我们的观测无法用经典物理学来解释。此外，我们将量子柴郡效应解释为光子和极化态跃迁幅度的量子干扰，这些跃迁幅度是直接从测量结果或弱值获得的。我们的工作不仅揭示了柴郡猫效应的真实量子性质，而且为反直觉量子现象的全面理解提供了启示。基于双光子干涉的弱测量探头使我们的观测无法用经典物理学来解释。此外，我们将量子柴郡效应解释为直接从测量结果或弱值获得的光子和偏振态跃迁幅度的量子干涉。我们的工作不仅揭示了柴郡猫效应的真实量子性质，而且为反直觉量子现象的全面理解提供了启示。此外，我们将量子柴郡效应解释为光子和极化态跃迁幅度的量子干扰，这些跃迁幅度是直接从测量结果或弱值获得的。我们的工作不仅揭示了柴郡猫效应的真实量子性质，而且为反直觉量子现象的全面理解提供了启示。此外，我们将量子柴郡效应解释为光子和极化态跃迁幅度的量子干扰，这些跃迁幅度是直接从测量结果或弱值获得的。我们的工作不仅揭示了柴郡猫效应的真实量子性质，而且为反直觉量子现象的全面理解提供了启示。