The present study investigated 3- to 6-year-old (total n = 158) children's restoration behaviors both when they were second-party victims (Experiment 1) and when they were third-party bystanders (Experiment 2) of transgressions. We also explored how group membership (based on color preference) affects these behaviors. We found that children preferred restoration to punishment, and that they emphasized restorative justice not only for themselves, but also for others. Furthermore, when they were victims of transgressions, the tendency to choose restoration over punishment was stronger in older than younger children. Second-party restoration behavior was influenced by group concerns in that children treated in-group transgressors more leniently than out-group and unaffiliated transgressors, but third-party restoration behavior was not. Our research challenges the view that punishment is the standard response to transgressions and suggests that alternative options like restoration are sometimes preferred over punishment by young children.

中文翻译：

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群体间背景下的儿童恢复性正义

本研究调查了 3 至 6 岁的儿童（总共n = 158) 儿童作为第二方受害者（实验 1）和第三方旁观者（实验 2）时的恢复行为。我们还探讨了组成员身份（基于颜色偏好）如何影响这些行为。我们发现孩子们更喜欢恢复而不是惩罚，他们不仅强调对自己，也对他人的恢复性正义。此外，当他们成为违法行为的受害者时，年龄较大的孩子比年幼的孩子更倾向于选择恢复而不是惩罚。第二方修复行为受到群体关注的影响，因为儿童对群体内违规者的对待比群体外和非附属违规者更宽容，而第三方修复行为则不然。