Abstract

Recent studies have shown that the relationship between educational attainment and health varies across countries. To better understand the cross-national variation in the health benefits of higher education, we theorize and empirically examine two country-level factors—the skills gap and the earnings gap between adults with tertiary and intermediate education. We expect the skills gap and the earnings gap to moderate educational gradients in health through shaping information transparency and thus affecting labour market and marriage market opportunities, even though men and women may be affected in distinct ways. To test our hypotheses, we analyse a sample of 75,642 women and 68,004 men in 25 countries from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies data. Multilevel linear regression models show that, for women but not men, the relationship between tertiary education and self-reported health is magnified in countries with a greater skills gap; for men but not women, the relationship between tertiary education and self-reported health is magnified in countries with a greater earnings gap. Combined, these results indicate that the educational system, the labour market, and the partner selection process cross-cut and amplify one another to shape the (re)production of health inequalities in gendered ways.

中文翻译：

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解释高等教育在健康收益方面的跨国差异：技能差距和收入差距的作用是什么？

摘要

最近的研究表明，受教育程度与健康之间的关系因国家而异。为了更好地了解高等教育在健康方面的跨国差异，我们对两个国家层面的因素进行了理论和实证检验，即受过高等教育的成年人的技能差距和收入差距。我们预计技能差距和收入差距将通过塑造信息透明性来缓和健康方面的教育梯度，从而影响劳动力市场和婚姻市场的机会，尽管男女可能受到不同的影响。为了检验我们的假设，我们从《国际成人能力评估计划》数据中分析了25个国家/地区的75642名女性和68004名男性的样本。多级线性回归模型表明，对于女性而非男性，在技能差距更大的国家，高等教育和自我报告的健康之间的关系被放大；对于男性而非女性，在收入差距更大的国家中，高等教育与自我报告的健康之间的关系被放大了。综合起来，这些结果表明，教育系统，劳动力市场和伴侣选择过程相互交叉并相互放大，从而以性别方式塑造了健康不平等的（再）生产。