Continuous seismic monitoring of the Earth's near surface (top 100 m), especially with improved resolution and extent of data both in space and time, would yield more accurate insights about the effect of extreme-weather events (e.g., flooding or drought) and climate change on the Earth's surface and subsurface systems. However, continuous long-term seismic monitoring, especially in urban areas, remains challenging. We describe the Fiber Optic foR Environmental SEnsEing (FORESEE) project in Pennsylvania, USA, the first continuous-monitoring distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber array in the eastern USA. This array is made up of nearly 5 km of pre-existing dark telecommunication fiber underneath the Pennsylvania State University campus. A major thrust of this experiment is the study of urban geohazard and hydrological systems through near-surface seismic monitoring. Here we detail the FORESEE experiment deployment and instrument calibration, and describe multiple observations of seismic sources in the first year. We calibrate the array by comparison to earthquake data from a nearby seismometer and to active-source geophone data. We observed a wide variety of seismic signatures in our DAS recordings: natural events (earthquakes and thunderstorms) and anthropogenic events (mining blasts, vehicles, music concerts and walking steps). Preliminary analysis of these signals suggests DAS has the capability to sense broadband vibrations and discriminate between seismic signatures of different quakes and anthropogenic sources. With the success of collecting 1 year of continuous DAS recordings, we conclude that DAS along with telecommunication fiber will potentially serve the purpose of continuous near-surface seismic monitoring in populated areas.

中文翻译：

---

通过电信光纤传感器感知地球和环境动力学：美国宾夕法尼亚州的城市实验

对地球近地表层（最高100 m）进行连续地震监测 ，尤其是在提高分辨率和时空数据范围的同时，将对极端天气事件（例如洪水或干旱）和气候的影响产生更准确的见解。地球表面和地下系统的变化。但是，连续的长期地震监测，特别是在城市地区，仍然具有挑战性。我们描述了美国宾夕法尼亚州的光纤环境监测光纤（FORESEE）项目，这是美国东部地区第一个连续监测的分布式声传感（DAS）光纤阵列。该阵列由近5 公里组成宾夕法尼亚州立大学校园下面的暗电信光纤的示意图。该实验的主要目的是通过近地表地震监测研究城市地质灾害和水文系统。在这里，我们详细介绍了FORESEE实验部署和仪器校准，并描述了第一年对震源的多次观测。通过与附近地震仪的地震数据和有源地震检波器数据进行比较，我们对阵列进行了校准。我们在DAS记录中观察到各种各样的地震信号：自然事件（地震和雷暴）和人为事件（矿山爆炸，车辆，音乐会和步行台阶）。对这些信号的初步分析表明，DAS具有感知宽带振动并区分不同地震的地震特征和人为源的能力。随着成功收集1年连续DAS记录的成功，我们得出结论，DAS与电信光纤一起将潜在地用于在人口稠密地区进行连续近地表地震监测的目的。